Q1: Diseases and Disorders in Cell Cycle Flashcards
The normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.
disjunction
The abnormal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.
nondisjunction
Types of structural abnormalities in chromosomes
- duplication (addition)
- deletion (subtraction)
- inversion
- translocation
An abnormality that removes a chromosomal segment.
deletion
An abnormality that repeats a segment.
duplication
addition
An abnormality that reverses a segment within a chromosome.
inversion
An abnormality that moves a segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.
translocation
The most common types of translocation where nonhomologous chromosomes exchange fragments.
reciprocal translocation
A types of translocation where a chromosome transfers a fragment but receives none in return.
nonreciprocal translocation
A picture of the chromosomes from the human cell arranged in pairs by size.
karyotype
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a karyotype.
autosomes
The last pair of chromosomes in a karyotype.
sex chromosomes
The sex chromosomes of males.
XY
The sex chromosomes of females.
XX
Mechanisms for controlling progress through the cell cycle
- checkpoints
- length of telomeres
- chemical signals
A cell with an imbalance of chromosomes.
aneuploid
A condition of having an extra or missing chromosomes.
aneuploidy
The presence of an extra chromosome, a third instead of a pair.
trisomy
The absence of one of the chromosomes.
monosomy
These are missing pieces of chromosomes and/or genetic material. Some may be small and difficult to be detected.
deletions
Pieces of chromosomes
break off and reattach to another chromosome.
translocation
A one-to-one switch during translocation where all of the genetic material is present (but in the wrong place).
balanced translocation
A one-to-one switch during translocation where not all of the genetic material is present and in the wrong place.
unbalanced translocation
Also known as Trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Other term for Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
A disorder where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.
Klinefelter syndrome
A rare genetic abnormality in which a male receives an extra Y chromosome from his father.
Jacob’s syndrome
A condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.
Turner syndrome
A chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing.
Cri du Chat
Also known as Trisomy 18
Edward syndrome
Also known as Trisomy 13
Patau syndrome
Other term for Patau syndrome
Trisomy 13
