Q1: Diseases and Disorders in Cell Cycle Flashcards
The normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.
disjunction
The abnormal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.
nondisjunction
Types of structural abnormalities in chromosomes
- duplication (addition)
- deletion (subtraction)
- inversion
- translocation
An abnormality that removes a chromosomal segment.
deletion
An abnormality that repeats a segment.
duplication
addition
An abnormality that reverses a segment within a chromosome.
inversion
An abnormality that moves a segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.
translocation
The most common types of translocation where nonhomologous chromosomes exchange fragments.
reciprocal translocation
A types of translocation where a chromosome transfers a fragment but receives none in return.
nonreciprocal translocation
A picture of the chromosomes from the human cell arranged in pairs by size.
karyotype
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a karyotype.
autosomes
The last pair of chromosomes in a karyotype.
sex chromosomes
The sex chromosomes of males.
XY
The sex chromosomes of females.
XX
Mechanisms for controlling progress through the cell cycle
- checkpoints
- length of telomeres
- chemical signals
A cell with an imbalance of chromosomes.
aneuploid
A condition of having an extra or missing chromosomes.
aneuploidy
The presence of an extra chromosome, a third instead of a pair.
trisomy
The absence of one of the chromosomes.
monosomy
These are missing pieces of chromosomes and/or genetic material. Some may be small and difficult to be detected.
deletions
Pieces of chromosomes
break off and reattach to another chromosome.
translocation
A one-to-one switch during translocation where all of the genetic material is present (but in the wrong place).
balanced translocation
A one-to-one switch during translocation where not all of the genetic material is present and in the wrong place.
unbalanced translocation
Also known as Trisomy 21
Down syndrome