Q1: Components of Enzymes Flashcards
These biomolecules act as catalysts to enable biochemical reactions to occur and are regenerated intact to take part in additional reactions?
Enzymes
are specific for what they will catalyze. They are reusable and commonly end in –ase (e.g. Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase).
Enzymes
is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of energy needed to start that reaction. This is called lowering the activation energy.
Catalyst
can be thought of as a hill that must be gotten over. The amount of energy required for a certain reaction to take place.
Activation Energy
Enzymes complete very specific jobs and do nothing else. They are very specific locks and the compounds they work with are the special keys.
Lock-and-Key Model
The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the __________.
Substrate
The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the
Active site
is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate
Active Site
The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate, creating __________.
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
The association of enzyme and substrate was first described by __________, the “Lock-and-Key Model”.
Emil Fisher
Emil Fisher; __________, Daniel Koshland;____________.
Lock-and-key model, Induced Fit Model
described that substrates are not really exactly fitted to the active site of the enzyme, there is a change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site, induced by the substrate.
Induced Fit Model
___________ is when the substrate is changed. It could be broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new.
Catalysis
When the substrates are transformed and no longer the same , they are now called _______.
Products
This are side groups, Inorganic substances (zinc, iron) and vitamins (respectively) that are sometimes needed for proper enzymatic activity.
Cofactors and Coenzymes
must be present in the quaternary structure - hemoglobin for it to pick up oxygen.
Iron (Fe)
These are molecules that reduce enzyme activity.
Inhibitors
2 Classifications of Inhibitors
Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibitors
are chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active site
Competitive Inhibitors
Inhibitors that do not enter the active site but bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change its shape, which in turn alters the active site.
Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Mimics the substrate competing for the active site
Competitive Inhibitor
What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or are broken?
Energy
Which type of reaction is more likely to occur naturally, Endothermic or Exothermic reactions?
Exothermic Reactions
