Q1: Cell Theory & Organelles Flashcards
The basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
Cell
The first to observe cork/dead tree cells under a microscope and was coined to the word cell.
Robert Hooke (1665)
He was able to observe blood cells, spermatozoa, and other ‘animalcules’ like protists.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
A partnership of a biologist and a physiologist who contributed on the first 2 statements in the modern Cell Theory.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)
A Dutch father-son team who invented the first so-called compound microscope in the late 16th century.
Hans and Zacharias Janssen (1500s)
German botanist who concluded that plants are composed of cells and formulated the plant cell theory/
Matthias Schleiden
German zoologist who concluded that animals are composed of cells and formulated the animal cell theory.
Theodore Schwann
Coined the last statement in the Modern Cell Theory.
Robert Remak/Rudolf Virchow
German pathologist who concluded that all cells must come only from pre-existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Enumerate the Cell Theory
- All life are composed of one or more cells.
- Cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
A network of interconnected membranes consisting of sacs and canals. Transport materials within the cell; provides attachment for ribosomes. It is the site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membranous sac with inner partitions. Site where energy released from food molecules and transformed into usable form.
Mitochondria
The mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.
matrix
a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
Crista (plural cristae)
Double-membraned organelles
Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast
The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine.
lumen
A flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Cisterna (plural cisternae)
Particles composed of protein and RNA. Site of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Types of Ribosomes
(1) Free & (2) Fixed Ribosomes
A semifluid substance representing the foundation of the cell.
Cytoplasm
A number of microscopic bodies inside the cytoplasm called “little organs.”
organelles
Non-membranous structure composed of two rod-like centrioles.
centrosome
Helps distribute chromosomes to daughter cells during cell reproduction and initiates the formation of cilia.
centrioles
Hair-like projections attached to basal bodies beneath cell membrane that propel fluids over cellular surface and enable certain cells to move.
Cilia and Flagella
Composed primarily of histone protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
Nucleus
All cells have a nucleus in the human body EXCEPT
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
a membrane surrounding the nucleus of human cells
Nuclear envelope/membrane
Dense, non-membranous body composed of protein and RNA. Contains materials to form ribosomes.
Nucleus
Group of flattened, membranous sacs that packages protein molecules for secretion; origin of lysosomes.
Golgi Body/Apparatus
Membranous sacs. Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.
Lysosome
Site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
Manufacturing organelles
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Golgi Apparatus
Breakdown organelles
- Lysosome
- Vacuoles
- Peroxisomes
Energy Processing Organelles
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
Organelles for Structural Support, Movement and Communication
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Centrioles
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Wall
“receiving” side of Golgi Apparatus
cis face
“shipping” side of the golgi apparatus
trans face
They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoid
It refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.
stroma
The stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.
grana
Under natural light, the chloroplasts appear green, but under ultraviolet light, they naturally fluoresce _________.
red
Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton.
Microtubules
Tubulin Polymers
Two intertwined strands of actin
Microfilaments
Actin Filaments
Fibrous Proteins coiled into cables.
Intermediate Filaments
Three structures of the cytoskeleton
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
Which of the following statement is NOT part of the Modern Cell Theory?
a. All life is composed of one or more cells
b. All cells are mobile
c. Cell is the basic unit of life
d. All cells come from preexisting cells
b. All cells are mobile
A pesticide kills insects by disabling the ribosomes in their cells. Which of the following function would be most immediately inhibited in the insects’ cell?
a. Protein synthesis
b. DNA replication
c. Photosynthesis
d. Cell division
a. Protein synthesis
Which substance fills the space between organelles?
cytoplasm
Hoshi is viewing a cell under the microscope. Which of the following structure would tell her that the cell is eukaryotic?
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosomes
c. nucleus
d. DNA
c. nucleus
Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. chloroplasts
d. vacuole
c. chloroplasts
