Q1: Different Tissue Types and Cell Modification Flashcards
The different types of cells in the body are
organized into ________ to carry out specific
functions.
tissues
Four types of tissues based on the type of cell that composed them.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscular
Enumerate the levels of organization
Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism
This type of tissue is commonly seen outside the body as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities.
Epithelial Tissues
It is characterized by closely-joined cells with tight junctions. Being tightly packed, tight junctions serve as barriers for pathogens, mechanical injuries, and fluid loss.
Epithelial Tissues
The functions of the epithelia include:
- Protection
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Sensation
Classification of epithelial tissues based on the shape.
- Squamous epithelium
- Cuboidal epithelium
- Columnar epithelium
- Transitional Epithelium
Classification of epithelial tissues based on the number of layer.
- Simple epithelium
- Stratified epithelium
- Pseudo stratified columnar
It has cells that are wider than their height (flat and scalelike). Function for exchange of material through diffusion.
Squamous epithelium
It has cells whose height and width are approximately the same (cube-shaped). This is intended for secretion.
Cuboidal epithelium
It has cells taller than they are wide (column-shaped).
Columnar epithelium
It has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium.
Transitional epithelium
Epithelium having only one cell thick (unilayered).
Simple Epithelium
epithelium having two or more cells in thickness or multi-layered.
Stratified Epithelium
Single layer of cells; may just look stacked because of varying height; for lining of respiratory tract; usually lined with cilia.
Pseudo stratified columnar
Include a large group of different tissues characterized by having dispersed cells and large extracellular space.
Connective Tissues
A large extracellular space that may be solid (as in bone), soft (as in loose connective tissue), or liquid (as in blood).
Extracellular Matrix
It functions mainly for binding and support of other tissues.
Connective Tissue
Classifications of Connective Tissues
- Connective tissue proper
- Supportive connective tissue
- Fluid connective tissues
Group of connective tissues that includes loose and dense connective tissues, reticular connective tissues, elastic connective tissues, and adipose tissues.
Connective tissue proper
Group of connective tissues that includes cartilage and bones.
Supportive connective tissue
The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body which binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place.
Loose connective tissues
It gets its name from the loose weave of its fibers, which include all three types. It is found in the skin and throughout the body.
Loose connective tissue
It is dense with collagenous fibers. It is found in tendons and ligaments.
Fibrous connective tissue
Connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.
tendons
Connective tissue that connects bones at joints.
Ligaments
A mineralized connective tissue.
bone
Bone-forming cells that deposit a matrix of collagen.
osteoblasts
The microscopic structure of hard mammalian bone that consists of repeating units.
osteons
A specialized loose connective tissue that stores fat in its cells distributed throughout its matrix.
Adipose tissue
It has a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma, which consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins.
blood
Other term for red blood cells
erythrocytes
Other term for white blood cells
leukocytes
It contatins collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery protein-carbohydrate complex.
Cartilage
A rubber protein-carbohydrate complex found in cartilages.
chondroitin sulfate
Cells that secretes the collagen and chondroitin sulfate, which together make cartilage a strong yet flexible support material.
chondrocytes
Contractile tissues responsible for movement.
Muscular tissues
Proteins involved in muscle contraction.
myosin and actin
Three types of muscular tissues
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations that functions for voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control.
Skeletal Muscle
As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control.
Cardiac muscle
It propels substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
Smooth muscle
It transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity.
Nerve Cell
Supporting cells of nervous tissues
glial cells
It has contributed greatly to the adaptation of organisms.
Cell specialization
They are produced in the testes.
Sperm cells
It is small and streamlined, allowing it to move easily and has a flagellum (a whip-like tail) that propels it.
Sperm cell
The function of these cells is to fertilize eggs cells during reproduction.
Sperm cell
They are found in the roots of plants and absorb water for the plant more efficiently.
Root hair cells
They have a biconcave shape that increases surface area.
Red blood cells
Their small size and ability to bend allows them to easily move over the body.
Red blood cells
These are used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Red blood cells
Tiny little microscopic projections that exist in, on, and around cells.
microvilli
Projections of some mucous membranes, most specifically of the small intestine, which are tiny folds that project out like numerous fingers.
villi
It may sweep unwanted materials toward a resorptive area of the cell.
microvilli
They are fine, whiplike/hairlike structures that extend from the body of a variety of cells.
Cilia and flagella
