Q1: Cell Cycle Flashcards
Involves the distribution of identical genetic material or DNA to two daughter cells.
Cell Division
Functions in reproduction, growth, and repair.
Cell Division
What is most remarkable is the _______ with which the DNA is passed along, without dilution or error, from one generation to the next.
Fidelity
Represents all phases in the life of a cell
Cell Cycle
Is the process by which new cells are generated.
Mitosis
Is the process by which gametes are generated for reproduction.
Meiosis
Separate mitosis from S phase. This is the time when molecular signals mediate the switch in cellular activity.
Gap Phases
involves the separation of copied chromosomes into separate cells.
Mitosis
Unregulated cell division can lead to ______.
Cancer
normally ensure that DNA replication and mitosis occur only when conditions are favorable and the process is working correctly.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins can lead to unregulated growth, resulting in _______________.
Proto-oncogenes (which causes Cancer)
genes that results to cancer.
Proto-oncogenes
Is driven by a built-in clock that can be adjusted by external stimuli (i.e., chemical messages).
Cell Cycle Control System
A critical control point in the Cell Cycle where ‘stop’ and ‘go-ahead’ signals can regulate the cell cycle.
Check point
2 signals in the Check point that helps regulate the cell cycle
‘Stop’ and ‘Go-Ahead’
Animal cells have built-in ‘_______’ signals that halt the cell cycles and checkpoints until overridden by ‘_________’ signals.
Stop, go-ahead
Also known as the restriction point
G1 Checkpoint
The G1 checkpoint ensures that the cell is _____________ and that enough nutrients are available to support the resulting daughter cells.
large enough to divide
If the cell does not receive the ‘go-ahead’ signal, it will exit the Cell Cycle and switch to ___________________.
A non-dividing state called G0.
Most cells in the body are in _____ phase.
G0 Phase
A checkpoint which ensures that DNA replication in S phase has been successfully completed.
G2 Checkpoint
A checkpoint which ensures that all of the chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle by a kinetochore.
Metaphase Checkpoint
Give the ‘go-ahead’ signals at the G1 and G2 checkpoints.
Kinase
protein which activates or deactivates another protein by phosphorylating them
Kinase
Kinase activates and deactivates another protein by _________ them.
Phosphorylating
a protein that derives its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell, also known as the activating molecule
Cyclin
By the G2 checkpoint, enough cyclin is available to form ___________ (aggregations of CDK and cyclin) which initiate mitosis.
Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) complexes
functions by phosphorylating key proteins in the mitotic sequence.
MPF
Later in mitosis, MPF switches itself off by initiating a process which leads to the ______________..
Destruction of Cyclin
Cell growth
G1 Phase
2 main stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase and Mitotic Phase (Cell Division)
Protein that aids in minimizing the risks of developing Retinoblastoma
Rb protein
CDK + Cyclin =
Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)
CDK and Cyclin in the G1 Checkpoint that are responsible for the promotion of S Phase
CDK₂ - Cyc E
CDK and Cyclin in the G1 Checkpoint that functions in inhibiting RB proteins
CDK₄ - Cyc D
CDK and Cyclin in the G2 Checkpoint that regulates in DNA Synthesis
CDK₂ - Cyc A
CDK and Cyclin in the G2 Checkpoint that regulates Mitosis
CDK₁ - Cyc B
The 3 Tumor Suppressor Protein
P21, P53, Rb protein
Stationary, static, or the non-dividing state of a cell
G0 Phase
DNA Replication
S-Phase
;Preparation for Mitosis
G2 Phase
Stages of Cell Division (M-Phase)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT), Cytokinesis
Stages of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
The general growing life of the Cell
Interphase
Reproduction stage of the Cell
Cell Division (M-Phase)
The Study of Cancer
Oncology
The 5 Sub Phases in Cell Cycle
G0, G1, G2, S-Phase, M-phase
the physical process of cell division which divides the cytoplasm of the cell into two daughter cells
Cytokinesis
