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General Biology 1 > Q1: Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Q1: Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Involves the distribution of identical genetic material or DNA to two daughter cells.

A

Cell Division

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2
Q

Functions in reproduction, growth, and repair.

A

Cell Division

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3
Q

What is most remarkable is the _______ with which the DNA is passed along, without dilution or error, from one generation to the next.

A

Fidelity

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4
Q

Represents all phases in the life of a cell

A

Cell Cycle

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5
Q

Is the process by which new cells are generated.

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Is the process by which gametes are generated for reproduction.

A

Meiosis

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7
Q

Separate mitosis from S phase. This is the time when molecular signals mediate the switch in cellular activity.

A

Gap Phases

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8
Q

involves the separation of copied chromosomes into separate cells.

A

Mitosis

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9
Q

Unregulated cell division can lead to ______.

A

Cancer

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10
Q

normally ensure that DNA replication and mitosis occur only when conditions are favorable and the process is working correctly.

A

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

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11
Q

Mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins can lead to unregulated growth, resulting in _______________.

A

Proto-oncogenes (which causes Cancer)

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12
Q

genes that results to cancer.

A

Proto-oncogenes

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13
Q

Is driven by a built-in clock that can be adjusted by external stimuli (i.e., chemical messages).

A

Cell Cycle Control System

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14
Q

A critical control point in the Cell Cycle where ‘stop’ and ‘go-ahead’ signals can regulate the cell cycle.

A

Check point

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15
Q

2 signals in the Check point that helps regulate the cell cycle

A

‘Stop’ and ‘Go-Ahead’

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16
Q

Animal cells have built-in ‘_______’ signals that halt the cell cycles and checkpoints until overridden by ‘_________’ signals.

A

Stop, go-ahead

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17
Q

Also known as the restriction point

A

G1 Checkpoint

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18
Q

The G1 checkpoint ensures that the cell is _____________ and that enough nutrients are available to support the resulting daughter cells.

A

large enough to divide

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19
Q

If the cell does not receive the ‘go-ahead’ signal, it will exit the Cell Cycle and switch to ___________________.

A

A non-dividing state called G0.

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20
Q

Most cells in the body are in _____ phase.

21
Q

A checkpoint which ensures that DNA replication in S phase has been successfully completed.

A

G2 Checkpoint

22
Q

A checkpoint which ensures that all of the chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle by a kinetochore.

A

Metaphase Checkpoint

23
Q

Give the ‘go-ahead’ signals at the G1 and G2 checkpoints.

24
Q

protein which activates or deactivates another protein by phosphorylating them

25
Q

Kinase activates and deactivates another protein by _________ them.

A

Phosphorylating

26
Q

a protein that derives its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell, also known as the activating molecule

27
Q

By the G2 checkpoint, enough cyclin is available to form ___________ (aggregations of CDK and cyclin) which initiate mitosis.

A

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) complexes

28
Q

functions by phosphorylating key proteins in the mitotic sequence.

29
Q

Later in mitosis, MPF switches itself off by initiating a process which leads to the ______________..

A

Destruction of Cyclin

30
Q

Cell growth

31
Q

2 main stages of the Cell Cycle

A

Interphase and Mitotic Phase (Cell Division)

32
Q

Protein that aids in minimizing the risks of developing Retinoblastoma

A

Rb protein

33
Q

CDK + Cyclin =

A

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)

34
Q

CDK and Cyclin in the G1 Checkpoint that are responsible for the promotion of S Phase

A

CDK₂ - Cyc E

35
Q

CDK and Cyclin in the G1 Checkpoint that functions in inhibiting RB proteins

A

CDK₄ - Cyc D

36
Q

CDK and Cyclin in the G2 Checkpoint that regulates in DNA Synthesis

A

CDK₂ - Cyc A

37
Q

CDK and Cyclin in the G2 Checkpoint that regulates Mitosis

A

CDK₁ - Cyc B

38
Q

The 3 Tumor Suppressor Protein

A

P21, P53, Rb protein

39
Q

Stationary, static, or the non-dividing state of a cell

40
Q

DNA Replication

41
Q

;Preparation for Mitosis

42
Q

Stages of Cell Division (M-Phase)

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT), Cytokinesis

43
Q

Stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)

44
Q

The general growing life of the Cell

A

Interphase

45
Q

Reproduction stage of the Cell

A

Cell Division (M-Phase)

46
Q

The Study of Cancer

47
Q

The 5 Sub Phases in Cell Cycle

A

G0, G1, G2, S-Phase, M-phase

48
Q

the physical process of cell division which divides the cytoplasm of the cell into two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

General Biology 1 (22 decks)

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