Q2: Lesson 5 | Freedom of the Human Person

Question 1

is opposed to the idea that man has a fixed nature. Instead, it asserts that to understand man’s nature, one has to go beyond the claims of biology, physics, and psychology.

Answer 1

Existentialism

Question 2

A philosophical movement known for its inquiry on human existence.

Answer 2

Existentialism

Question 3

Remember that a human person is characterized as a consciousness; as a ___________, who has the task of appropriating a goal because the nothingness reveals that the being-for-itself is a deficiency

Answer 3

being for itself

Question 4

is viewed as something that arises from the self understanding, accompanied by the mood of anxiety

Answer 4

freedom

Question 5

Aside from the concept of nothingess, freedom is viewed as something that arises from the self understanding, accompanied by the mood of ___

Answer 5

anxiety

Question 6

a German philosopher and phenomenologist, disclosed that the mood of anxiety reveals nothing

Answer 6

martin heidegger

Question 7

opposes the notion of free will

Answer 7

Determinism

Question 8

This view states that the world is governed by (or is under the sway of ) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law

Answer 8

determinism

Question 9

This view suggests that a determinate set of conditions can produce only one possible outcome given the fixed laws of nature.

Answer 9

determinism

Question 10

Determinism opposes the notion of free will. This view states that the world is governed by (or is under the sway of ) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of_____

Answer 10

natural law.

Question 11

Through the principle of _____, every physical event falling under the laws of nature is caused in accordance with these laws.

Answer 11

Universal Causation

Question 12

a direct implication in human actions. The human action as an event that was caused by something implies that free choices is impossible because the regularity of actions means that the cause of an action, given a determinate set of conditions, will result in one possible outcome.

Answer 12

determinism

Question 13

Incompatible with the notion of free will because it undermine free choice if past events will be revealed as the cause of future actions and not really chosen by the individual as a free agent.

Answer 13

CAUSAL DETERMINISM

Question 14

Claims that since the body is physical, every event involving the body is determined. According to this view, given a set of determinate conditions in the brain and the laws of nature, bodily movements are causally determined.

Answer 14

PHYSICAL DETERMINISM

Question 15

The state of the braiin acts immediately before a decision is made is what makes a person do a certain act, and that decision is the only possible outcome at the particular moment when the action is being done.

Answer 15

PHYSICAL DETERMINISM

Question 16

a view that states that one is powerless to do anything than what he actually wants to do.

Answer 16

fatalism

Question 17

explains in his 1981 book, Philosophical Explanations, that making a choice seems to feel like there are various reasons for and against doing the alternative actions or courses of actions one is considering, and it seems and feels like one could do any one of these alternatives

Answer 17

Robert Nozick

Question 18

introduced the concept of weighing the reasons. He explained that when you are choosing, the act involves not only the reasons but giving weight to reasons. After you have chosen each alternative, you will realize that some considerations carry more weight than the others.

Answer 18

robert nozick

Question 19

the value it has for itself apart from or independent of its consequences. If intrinsic value is applied for each alternative, you choose this alternative by the weight you give to the alternative because the alternative itsef is valuable for its own right.

Answer 19

INTRINSIC VALUE

Question 20

is the function and measure of intrinsic value that it leads to. It may be the sum of intrinsic value of different things it actually leads to or some measure of the intrinsic values it might lead to as weighted by probabilities such as the expected intrinsic values.

Answer 20

INSTRUMENTAL VALUE

Question 21

Introduces new values to the world. It may be may be newly intrinsic values or newly instrumental values. Through this third value, you may have all three values combined.

Answer 21

ORIGINATIVE VALUE

Question 22

Focuses on the value contribution that a human action effects

Answer 22

CONTRIBUTORY VALUE