Q2: Lesson 5 | Freedom of the Human Person Flashcards
is opposed to the idea that man has a fixed nature. Instead, it asserts that to understand man’s nature, one has to go beyond the claims of biology, physics, and psychology.
Existentialism
A philosophical movement known for its inquiry on human existence.
Existentialism
Remember that a human person is characterized as a consciousness; as a ___________, who has the task of appropriating a goal because the nothingness reveals that the being-for-itself is a deficiency
being for itself
is viewed as something that arises from the self understanding, accompanied by the mood of anxiety
freedom
Aside from the concept of nothingess, freedom is viewed as something that arises from the self understanding, accompanied by the mood of ___
anxiety
a German philosopher and phenomenologist, disclosed that the mood of anxiety reveals nothing
martin heidegger
opposes the notion of free will
Determinism
This view states that the world is governed by (or is under the sway of ) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law
determinism
This view suggests that a determinate set of conditions can produce only one possible outcome given the fixed laws of nature.
determinism
Determinism opposes the notion of free will. This view states that the world is governed by (or is under the sway of ) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of_____
natural law.
Through the principle of _____, every physical event falling under the laws of nature is caused in accordance with these laws.
Universal Causation
a direct implication in human actions. The human action as an event that was caused by something implies that free choices is impossible because the regularity of actions means that the cause of an action, given a determinate set of conditions, will result in one possible outcome.
determinism
Incompatible with the notion of free will because it undermine free choice if past events will be revealed as the cause of future actions and not really chosen by the individual as a free agent.
CAUSAL DETERMINISM
Claims that since the body is physical, every event involving the body is determined. According to this view, given a set of determinate conditions in the brain and the laws of nature, bodily movements are causally determined.
PHYSICAL DETERMINISM
The state of the braiin acts immediately before a decision is made is what makes a person do a certain act, and that decision is the only possible outcome at the particular moment when the action is being done.
PHYSICAL DETERMINISM
a view that states that one is powerless to do anything than what he actually wants to do.
fatalism
explains in his 1981 book, Philosophical Explanations, that making a choice seems to feel like there are various reasons for and against doing the alternative actions or courses of actions one is considering, and it seems and feels like one could do any one of these alternatives
Robert Nozick
introduced the concept of weighing the reasons. He explained that when you are choosing, the act involves not only the reasons but giving weight to reasons. After you have chosen each alternative, you will realize that some considerations carry more weight than the others.
robert nozick
the value it has for itself apart from or independent of its consequences. If intrinsic value is applied for each alternative, you choose this alternative by the weight you give to the alternative because the alternative itsef is valuable for its own right.
INTRINSIC VALUE
is the function and measure of intrinsic value that it leads to. It may be the sum of intrinsic value of different things it actually leads to or some measure of the intrinsic values it might lead to as weighted by probabilities such as the expected intrinsic values.
INSTRUMENTAL VALUE
Introduces new values to the world. It may be may be newly intrinsic values or newly instrumental values. Through this third value, you may have all three values combined.
ORIGINATIVE VALUE
Focuses on the value contribution that a human action effects
CONTRIBUTORY VALUE
