Q1: Lesson 4 | Man and Environment Flashcards
occurs when changes to the environment of a species or population destabilizes its continued survival
Ecological Crisis
Possible causes includes: of ecological crisis
Degredation of an a biotic ecological factor
* Increased pressures from Predators
* Biodiversity Extinction
* Overpopulation of Species.
The discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non human contents.
environmental ethics
I t c o n si d e rs t h e ethical relationship between humans and the environment.
environmental ethics
examples of environmental ethics
● We should have a profound respect for Nature;
● We must maintain a harmonious relationship with other species;
● Everyone should take responsibility for his impact on nature;
● Local and indigeneous environmental knowledge should be respected.
● We must plan for the long term.
Professor of medieval history at Princeton
lynn white
Wrote in 1967 that the source of ecological crisis is primarily due to the Judeo-Christian tradition rooted on the anthropocentric attitude traced back from the book of Genesis.
lynn white
He claims, it is God’s will that people exploit nature for their proper ends.
lynn white
He believes that this arrogance toward nature is based on these verses:
lynn white
what verse is this: God said, “Let us make man in our own image in the likeness of ourselves, and let them be masters of the fish of the sea, the birds of heaven, the cattle, all the wild beasts and all the reptiles that crawl upon the earth.” God created man in the image of himself, in the image of God he created him, male and female, he created them. God blessed them saying to them, “Be fruitful, multiply, fill the earth and conquer it. Be masters of the fish of the sea, the birds of heaven and all living animals on the earth.”
Genesis 1:26-28, The Jerusalem Bible
what verse did lynn white quote that proves with “point”
Genesis 1:26-28
C h r ist i a n i t y i n i ts W e st e r n f o r m is ___________ in nature.
anthropocentric
It is believed that through ____________, it was established that Adam and all humans thereafter are made master over nature because humans are created in “God’s image.”
Christianity
In response to Lynn White, he wrote in The Cultural Basis of Our Environmental Crisis that the ecological crisis is not a religious problem.
lewis moncrief
He explained that the Lynn White’s model, is a simplistic analysis and lacks historical or scientific support
lewis moncrief
claimed that there are other factors involved which clearly concern the actions of human beings. 03: M
lewis moncrief
_________ theory is more plausible compared to White.
moncrief’s
believes that if his theory of man being master over the environment is unchanged as it is formed through religious dogmas, then there will not be a way to resolve ecological crisis the world is experiencing.
lynn white
He suggest that each human being may have to emulate the character of St. Francis of Assisi whose attitude toward animals and other creation is an attitude of equality and not of superiority
lynn white
Th e t h e o r y i n c o r p o r a t e s t h e responsibility of each human being to be a faithful steward of the earth.
masters of the environment
This new theory suggest a new way of giving value to the earth and all creations
masters of the environment
The worth of the environment is evaluated on the basis of how it will benefit and make the life of humans more comfortable. It is another issue if the comforts brought about by capitalism or increased wealth will result to human flourishing.
masters of the environment
He believes that the Judeo-Christian attitude is an ethics of stewardship.
patrick dobel
what did moncrief write in response to white
The Cultural Basis of Our Environmental Crisis
Dobel cited what verse
psalm 115:16
what verse is this ”The heavens belongs to the Lord but the earth is given to us.”
psalm 115:16
This passage is the clear indication for this theory that the ownership of the earth still belongs to God and humanity is entrusted to take care of it.
psalm 115:16
Introduced an ethics which enlarges the human person’s attitude toward nature
aldo leopold
In “Ecocentrism: The Land Ethic”, Leopold Suggest what he calls an ____________ whe r e the huma n p e rs o n ma n a g e s t h e n a t u r a l environment where he or she is concerned of both the biotic and economic grounds for the loss of species
“ecological conscience”
in ________ Leopold Suggest what he calls an “ecological conscience” whe r e the huma n p e rs o n ma n a g e s t h e n a t u r a l environment where he or she is concerned of both the biotic and economic grounds for the loss of species.
Ecocentrism: The Land Ethic
This theory changes the role of the human person from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it which implies respect for the land as a biotic community.
HUMAN AS MEMBER OF EARTH’S COMMUNITY
This theory changes the role of the human person from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it which implies respect for the land as a ______________
biotic community.
is a theory which calls for respect for nature as its central moral attitude
Biocentric egalitarianism
It proposes a life-centered system as opposed to the anthropocentric view
Biocentric egalitarianism
The general outlook to be taken must be an attitude of respect toward individual organisms considered as entities having inherent worth.
Biocentric egalitarianism
What this implies is a ___________ (at first view before investigation) moral obligation of humans to the natural environment – wild plants and animals as members of Earth’s biotic community
prima facie
This means that each human person is bound to protect or promote their good for their sake.
BIOCENTRIC EGALITARIANISM
Presented the concepts of the good (well-being/welfare) and inherent worth of an entity as important ideas necessary to having the attitude of respect for nature as part of an individual’s moral outlook.
paul taylor
According to him “any entity can be benefited or harmed”. It further means that what is good is what enhances or preserves life and what is bad is detrimental to life.
paul taylor
By inhe r ent worth, Taylor r e f e rs to two gene r a l principles
The principle of moral consideration and the principle of intrinsic value.
This states that wild living things deserve the concern and consideration of all moral agents by virtue of their being members of Earth’s community of life
Principle of Moral Consideration
Principle of Moral Consideration as action-guiding principle:
Act in such a way to preserve good of any organism whose being you can affect.
By inhe r ent worth, Taylor r e f e rs to two gene r a l principles
The principle of moral consideration and the principle of intrinsic value.
This states that regardless of what kind of entity it is, if it is a member of the community of life, the realization of its good is something intrinsically valuable
Principle of Intrinsic Value
To regard any organisms, species population, or life community as an entity having inherent worth. it must never be treated as if it were a mere object ot thing whose entire value in being instrumental to the good of some other entity.
Principle of Intrinsic Value
The well-being of each entity is judged to have value in and of itself.
Principle of Intrinsic Value
Under this theory, the human person will go beyond conserving forests by planting trees through natural reproduction instead of artificial propagation.
ecological conscience
This theory changes the role of the human person from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it which implies respect for the land as a biotic community.
ecological conscience
who said this: To say that it possesses inherent worth is to say that its good is deserving of the concern and consideration of all moral agents, and that the realization of its good has intrinsic value to be pursued as an end in itself and for the sake of the entity whose good it is.
paul taylor
