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11: 1st SEM | INTRO TO PHILO > Q1: Lesson 3 | Human Person as an Embodied Spirit > Flashcards

Q1: Lesson 3 | Human Person as an Embodied Spirit Flashcards

1
Q

define human being as “a man, woman, or a child of species homo sapiens, distinguished from animals by superior mental development:

A

oxford dictionary

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2
Q

as “a man, woman, or a child of species homo sapiens, distinguished from animals by superior mental development:

A

human beings

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3
Q

distinguished from animals by superior mental development:

A
  • power of articulate speech
  • upright stance
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4
Q

THREE ASPECTS OF HUMAN NATURE

A

Somatic
Behavioral
Attitudinal

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5
Q

Refers to the body, material

A

somatic

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6
Q

Refers to the body, material

A

somatic

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7
Q

Refers to the human person’s mode of acting.

A

BEHAVIORAL

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8
Q

known for the theory of behaviorism.

A

b.f. skinner

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9
Q

He therefore suggested that human behavior can be manipulated or controlled

A

b.f. skinner

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10
Q

Refers to the human person’s inclination, feelings, ideas, convictions, prejudices and biases.

A

attitudinal

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11
Q

It is a person’s mental reaction to a certain stimuli or tendency to act

A

attitudinal

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12
Q

These tendencies may define a person’s future action and what he or she values as right or wrong

A

attitudinal

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13
Q

Theories on Human Nature

A

The Human Person as…
1. an Immortal Soul
2. a Composite of Body and Soul
3. a Thinking Thing

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14
Q

One important theory on human nature is the claim that the human person has a soul.

A

HUMAN PERSON AS AN IMMORTAL SOUL

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15
Q

In ________, one of Plato’s work, Socrates asserts that “every soul is immortal, for that which moves itself is immortal, while what moves, and is moved by something else stops living when it stops moving… t

A

phaedrus

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16
Q

this is the very essence and principle of a soul, for every bodily object that is moved from outside has no soul, while a body whose motion comes from within, from itself has a soul

A

HUMAN PERSON AS AN IMMORTAL SOUL

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17
Q

Thus, the human person in ___________ has an immortal soul which is the source of movement,

A

PLATONIC ACCOUNT

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18
Q

Aristotle explained this theory through his work De Animus (1968) which explains all the capacities possessed by all living things.

A

de animus

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19
Q

In order to understand the relationship between the soul and the body, Aristotle distinguishes three kinds of substance:

A

matter, shape or form, and the product of both (composite of form and matter).

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20
Q

His work involves the relation of the psvche (soul) and the body;

A

de aminus by aristotle

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21
Q

your natural body is ________. As a corporeal being, the human person is material which is an affirmation of the somatic aspect of human nature; the body has organs which are so well organized and ready of their different functions for nutrition and growth

A

matter

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22
Q

it is not a body but the form of a natural body that has life potentially within it. This means that the natural body is “ensouled”; that is, you are with a soul, a non- corporeal substance that is the form (which is the actuality of the substance)

A

soul

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23
Q

is the source of a human person’s being alive which enables him or her to do actions or activities that are suited to being a human person.

A

having a soul

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24
Q

is what makes us a human person

A

soul

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25
Q

is what makes the natural body which is a potentiality that becomes an actuality

A

soul

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26
Q

plato’s tripartite soul

A
  • rational
  • spirited
  • appetitive
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27
Q

aristotle’s kinds soul

A
  • rational soul
  • sensitive soul
  • vegetative soul
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28
Q

This theory implies that without a soul, the body does not have life.

A

HUMAN PERSON AS A COMPOSITE OF BODY AND SOUL

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29
Q

asserted that the human person is a thinking thing.

A

rene descartes

30
Q

he said “On the one hand I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in so far as I am simply a thinking, non- extended thing (that is, a mind) and on the other hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far as this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and can exist without it.”

A

rene descartes

31
Q

As a thinking mind, it is clear that as you doubt existence as a singular self, you will arrive at the distinct idea that you are, indeed, one self because the mind is ________

A

indivisible

32
Q

Descartes’ assertion is a philosophical perspective which believes that the nature of man is _________

A

pure mind

33
Q

It is the _______ that defines a person.

A

nature

34
Q

But through ______ that the nature of the human person is revealed.

A

condition

35
Q

is defined as the inevitable positive or negative events of existence as a human being

A

HUMAN CONDITION

36
Q

While the three aspects of the human nature defines or characterizes human person, one will understand how to live according to this nature through _______

A

human condition

37
Q

He claimed that the human person has free will and they has to exercise this capacity because it is only in choosing that the human person becomes authentic

A

jean paul sartre

38
Q

A philosophical tradition that focuses on the centrality of the human person’s existence.

A

existentialism

39
Q

A Phenomenological Essay on ontology (one of the best known work on Existentialism)

A

being and nothingness

40
Q

french philosopher

A

jean paul sartre

41
Q

The state of excelling, surpassing or going beyond usual limits

A

transcendence

42
Q

w h o fo rma l iz e d Phenomenology as philosophical tradition, t

A

edmund husserl

43
Q

He claimed that the human person has ________ and they has to exercise this capacity because it is only in choosing that the human person becomes authentic

A

free will

44
Q

Two types of Being:

A
  1. Being-in-itself
  2. Being-for-itself
45
Q

is completely constituted.

A

BEING-IN-ITSELF

46
Q

It is dissolved in identity- a “what is”.

A

BEING-IN-ITSELF

47
Q

This is the reason why it is the being of material objects ; without consciousness, they are explicitly made or an actuality which is solid or opaque.

A

BEING-IN-ITSELF

48
Q

Since consciousness is characterized with an essential structure of transcendence, then it cannot coincide with itself in full equivalence as characterized like the being-in- itself.

A

BEING-FOR-ITSELF

49
Q

It is the exact opposite of the being-in-itself because it is the decompression (to restore or reconstruct) of being.

A

BEING-FOR-ITSELF

50
Q

consciousness to itself or the being of action.

A

BEING-FOR-ITSELF

51
Q

Another concept central to existentialism is ______

A

the concept of nothingness

52
Q

is the source of these phenomena and is characterized by them viz

A

soul

53
Q

who said this: The soul is the source of these phenomena and is characterized by them viz. by the power of self nutrition, sensation, thinking and movement, further, since the soul by which primarily we live, perceive and think - it follows that the soul must be an account and essence, not matter or subject… it is the soul which is the actuality of certain kind of body

A

aristotle

54
Q

“The body is not the essence of the soul; but the soul by the nature of its essence can be united to the body, so that, properly speaking, not the soul alone, but the “composite” is the species. And the very fact that the soul in a certain way requires the body for its operation proves that the soul is endowed with a grade of intellectuality inferior to that of an angel, who is not unified to a body

A

st. thomas aquinas

55
Q

In the contemporary period of the history of philosophy, these problems of how the body interact if they have different natures and how the human person can really know things in the world through the soul when the one connected to the world or is in the world is the body, were addressed through the philosophical tradition called _____

A

phenomenology

56
Q

t h is philosophical movement is concerned with the study of phenomena or appearances of things as they are experienced.

A

phenomenology

57
Q

is the study of conscious experience as experienced from the first-person point of view

A

phenomenology

58
Q

German philosopher and founder of p h e n ome n o l o g y, d ire c te d h is st u d i e s towa rd understanding the body naturalistic presuppositions about it and the embodied personhood giving a description of an embodied experience

A

edmund husserl

59
Q

another phenomenological philosopher, expands on Husserl’s perspectives and asserts that the theory of the body is a theory of perception

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

60
Q

used the concept of “my body” to explain the unity of body and soul.

A

gabriel marcel

61
Q

In his work, The Mystery of Being, he analyzed the meaning of experiencing “my body

A

gabriel marcel

62
Q

professor of philosophy and neurobiology at the Duke University, in a work titled problem of the soul, presented the concept called De-souling Persons

A

owen flanagan

63
Q

Owen Flanagan, professor of philosophy and neurobiology at the Duke University, in a work titled problem of the soul, presented the concept called ___________

A

De-souling Persons.

64
Q

argued that to see evolution as the explanation of human nature together with the natural selection does not mean that life has no purpose; it only means that meaning and purpose were not handed down by a supreme being.

A

owen flanagan

65
Q

work which explains all the capacities possessed by all living things.

A

aristotle’s de animus

66
Q

His work involves the relation of the psvche (soul) and the body;

A

aristotle’s de animus

67
Q

Descartes’ assertion is a philosophical perspective which believes that the nature of man is

A

pure mind

68
Q

He claimed that the human person has free will and they has to exercise this capacity because it is only in ________ that the human person becomes authentic

A

choosing

69
Q

one of the best known work on Existentialism

A

Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on ontology

70
Q

which is the actuality of certain kind of body

A

the soul

71
Q

what was gabriel marcel’s work

A

the mystery of being

11: 1st SEM | INTRO TO PHILO (6 decks)

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