Q1: Lesson 2 | Value of Truth Flashcards
The critical aspect in doing philosophy is ______
rational inquiry
one of the branches of philosophy, is even dedicated to the discovery of principles for correct reasoning.
logic
is the acceptence that something is true– a firmly held conviction;
belief
who said “…to believe is nothing but to think with assent.”
st augustine
is a mental state of having some attitude, stance, take, or opinion about a proposition or about the potential state of affairs in which that proposition is true.
belief
This theory states that the key to truth is the relation (or correspondence) between propositions and the world;
The Correspondence Theory of Truth
This means that “a belief is true if there exist an appropriate entity, a fact, to which it corresponds. If there is no entity, the belief is false.”;
The Correspondence Theory of Truth
This theory of truth compares the given proposition and the truth conditions or state of affairs that will make the proposition true.
The Correspondence Theory of Truth
This theory states that the truth of any (true) proposition consists in its coherence with some specified set of propositions (or significant wholes);
The Coherence Theory of Truth
This means that the truth conditions of a proposition are based on other propositions (as opposed to the Correspondence Theory);
The Coherence Theory of Truth
This theory insists that a belief is true if and only if it is part of a coherent system of beliefs.
The Coherence Theory of Truth
Not a criterion for truth but the nature of truth itself.
The Coherence Theory of Truth
truth is a matter of how beliefs are related to each other.
The Coherence Theory of Truth
This theory holds that a proposition is true if it is useful to believe (it). Thus, utility is the essential mark of truth.
The Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Truth is arrived at based on the beliefs that lead to the best “pay off”, that gives the ultimate benefit or advantage that promotes success.
The Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Under this theory of truth, the given proposition is true if it leads to success, that is, of it is expedient for the person to believe that his/her dreams will come true with visualization.
The Pragmatic Theory of Truth
criticized in its limitation to give predictions of the characteristic of being a proposition due to the indeterminate state of affairs it refers.
Correspondence Theory
criticized for its vulnerability that clarifies the notion of consistency.
The Coherence Theory
We cannot determine if a given proposition is true in our notion or false in other notions.
The Coherence Theory
Implies the relativity of truth
Pragmatic Theory
What is useful to one person might not be useful to another.
pragmatic theory
is a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty;
opinion
If truth cannot be achieved, prudence is exercised through having an _________
opinion
We are obliged to have some sort of _________ before giving our assent;
evidence
is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
cognition
other name of opinion
doxa
Plato discussed four distinct segment of cognition;
Imaging (Eikasia)
Belief (Pistis)
Thought (Dianoia)
Knowledge (Noesis)
refers to the pictures and other images in the lowest level of reality. This segment is the appropriate degree of awareness, although it provides only the most primitive and unreliable opinions;
imaging
is based on perception of ordinary physical objects. Plato believes that this is the most accurate possible conception of man to the nature and relationship of temporal things;
belief
is in the intelligible realm and a step higher than belief. Directed towards simple form of shapes, numbers, and other mathematical entities;
thought
is the highest level of all segments. Based on more significant forms–true equality, beauty, truth, and good. These permanent objects of knowledge are directly apprehended by the intellect, which is the fundamental capacity of human reason to comprehend the true nature of reality.
knowledge
what is eikasia
imaging
what is pistis
belief
what is dianoia
thought
what is noesis
knowledge
an American philosopher, wrote an essay refuting the traditional analysis of knowledge
edmund gettier
In (1) __________, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, wrote an essay refuting the traditional analysis of knowledge or its definition as a (2) _________
- 1963
- justified true belief
