Q2 Hemolymphatic Flashcards
What would signify a high percentage of cells in the bone marrow (hyperplasia)
Super red!
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Occurs outside of bone marrow, usually during stress or disease states
7 causes of aplastic anemia
chemical agents, infectious agents, idiopathic, neoplasia, myelofibrosis, inflammation, serous atrophy of fat
myelophthisis
replacement of hematopoietic tissue (therefore suppresses normal hematopoiesis): neoplasia, myelofibrosis, inflammation
reticulocytosis
responsive increase in bone marrow erythropoiesis (REGENERATIVE)
hemolytic anemia
increased rate of erythrocyte destruction
what is a common symptom for both intravascular and extravascular hemolytic anemia
icterus (jaundice) from hyperbilirubinemia
what do you see grossly from extravascular hemolysis?
meaty splenomegaly bc hyperplastic splenic macrophages
IMHA
extravascular, has a marked regenerative response and causes thromboembolic disease, antibodies to own RBCs opsonize for splenic macrophages
neonatal isoerythrolysis
basically IMHA but antibodies are from maternal colostrum, most common in horses
what is the most common symptom of intravascular hemolysis
hemoglobinemia/uria
bacillary hemoglobinuria
C. hemolyticum or C. novyi can proliferate following liver necrosis (often flukes), producing toxins that directly damage the RBC membranes
what does brown blood indicate?
methemoglobinemia from exposure to oxidants (copper, nitrate, red maple leaf, acetaminophen)
most common cause of non-regenerative anemia (no reticulocytes)
chronic inflammation
lymphoma clinical signs
organomegaly, non-regenerative anemia, and hypercalcemia (PTHrP)
most common pathology of lymphoma in cats
FeLV associated T cell lymphoma in young cats (GI if in older cats)
most common lymphoma pathology in dogs
organomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy, B cell
most common lymphoma pathology in cattle
B cell from BLV in older cattle, t cell in young cattle
lymphoma pathology in horses (uncommon)
T cell rich B cell, cutaneous
plasmacytoma
benign on skin, malignant and amyloidosis in GI
multiple myeloma
malignant plasma cells in bone marrow, vertebrae most common site
4 common signs of multiple myeloma
- plasma cells >30% of marrow
- osteolysis
- monoclonal gammopathy
- light chain proteinuria
what two clin path findings are consistent with multiple myeloma
hypercalcemia (osteolysis and PTHrP) and hyperglobulinemia
histiocytoma
benign, young dogs, spontaneous regression
reactive histiocytosis
cutaneous or systemic (bernese mountain dogs)
histiocytic sarcoma
nodular lesions in spleen, lung, LN, lots of giant cells
what are two feline specific histiocytic proliferative disorders
feline progressive histioctosis (progressively malignant) and pulmonary histiocytosis
causes of a bloody spleen
congestion from GDV, barbituates, acute hyperemia or hemolytic anemia
siderotic plaques
raised tan plaques on spleen from healing of previous trauma, incidental in geriatric patients
splenosis
splenic parenchyma forms daughter spleens after splenic rupture (will appear like seeded hemangiosarcs)
thymoma
epithelial in origin, common in older goats, can cause myasthenia gravis
what causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
