Q2 GI Flashcards
brachygnathia superior
underbite lol
cheilitis
lips inflammation
faucitis
caudal oral cavity inflammation
bovine papular stomatitis
caused by parapox virus, relatively self-limiting
foot and mouth disease
foreign disease and very important to contact state vet, vesicular stomatitis (mostly cattle)
vesicular stomatitis virus
only vesicular disease of horses
calicivirus
vesicular and ulcerative stomatitis (exanthema in swine and bad in cats)
BVDV cause and pathogenesis of mucosal disease
pestivirus, in utero exposure to non-cytopathic strain between 30-110 days of gestation, leads to PI, then exposure to cytopathic strain as a calf peyer’s patch necrosis
malignant catarrhal fever
OHV-2 infects cattle and causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and corneal opacity (vascultitis)
ulcerative glossitis
classic presentation of uremia
pseudomembranous glossitis
candida infection, often immunosuppressed
lumpy jaw
actinomycosis, pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis
wooden tongue
actinobacillosis causes glossitis with fibrosis
what are two immune mediated pathologies that can causes oral lesions?
eosinophilic granuloma complex and chronic lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis in cats
most common malignant oral tumor in dogs vs cats
melanoma vs SCC
what causes enamel hypoplasia
ameloblast destruction (distemper or fluoride)
what is a benign neoplasia in the canine mouth
peripheral odontogenic fibroma from periodontal ligament
what are some potential causes of acquired megaesophagus
myasthenia gravis, hypothyroidism, lead toxicity
parasitic esophagitis
spirocerca lupi infection where larvae migrate from the stomach to the aorta (causes fibrosarcomas)
common agents of bacterial rumenitis
trueperella or fusobacterium, can result in abscesses in the liver too!
common agents of fungal rumenitis
aspergillus or zygomycetes
normal finding specific to the porcine stomach
torus pyloricus, not tumor
abomasitis in calves
clostridium infection in young calves, hemorrhage and gas bubbles
uremic gastritis
can causes mineralization of vessels and ulceration
hemonchus contortus
lives in abomasum, severe anemia and hypoproteinemia, subcutaneous edema (bottle jaw)
ostertagia ostertagi
thickened, cobblestone abomasal mucosa (proliferation of mucus cells)
draschia magastoma
causes large, mass granuloma looking things called brood pouches
what two neoplasms cause gastric ulceration in dogs
gastrinomas, mast cell tumors
common canine gastric neoplasia
adenocarcinoma near pylorus
common equine gastric neoplasm
SCC
what does a leiomyoma look like in a dog
mucosa intact, not inflitrative
what types of things causes hypersecretory diarrhea?
inflammation and enterotoxins
what type of diarrhea is often paired with altered motility
hypersecretory
parvoviruses
cause severe crypt necrosis, segmental hyperemia (granular appearance)
coronaviruses
villus atrophy but crypts regenerative
pythiosis in dogs
“swamp cancer” can cause granulomatous obstruction
histiocytic ulcerative colitis
boxers and frenchies predisposed, lots of foamy macrophages, e coli?
lymphangeictasia
causes lymphopenia, hypocholesterolemia, and hypoalbuminemia (shag carpet)
GI stromal tumor
mesenchymal tumor derived from cells of Cajal, IHC required to diagnose, pretty metastatic
two common perianal tumors in dogs
perianal adenoma and apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas
what other virus is compared to corona in how it affects the GI
rotavirus in small ruminants and foals
TGE
transmissible gastroenteritis caused by porcine coronavirus, high mortality
crypto
minimal invasion into cells makes it hard to kill, villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia
ZOONOTIC
ETEC
enterotoxigenic, toxins cause hypersecretory diarrhea
STEC
shiga toxins cause enterocyte lysis and endotoxemia
ZOONOTIC (HUS)
clinical sign in pigs with STEC
blepharedema
proliferative enteritis
from lawsonia, infects crypts and causes thick mucosa
salmonella
fibronecrotic and supperative enterocolitis, causes gross fibrotic membrane in SI, can cause ulcerative proctitis and megacolon in pigs
C perfrigens type D
enterotoxemia with epsilon toxin, causes pulpy kidney and brain necrosis
stain for johnes disease
acid fast for mycobacterium
two differentials specific to horse enteritis
rhodococcus equi in foals, potomac horse fever by neorickettsia
brachyspira hyodysenteriae
swine dysentery in weanlings, crypt hyperplasia but in the colon, more hemorrhagic
NSAID induced ulcerative colitis
horses RDC
Juvenile pancreatic atrophy
immune mediated, g sheps, maldigestion and steatorrhea
zinc necrosis
degeneration of acinar cells, islets unaffected (HA too)
exocrine nodular hyperplasia vs chronic pancreatitis
chronic is more firm and much more pale/shrunken
exocrine pancreatic carcinoma
seeds abdomen, symmetric alopecia in cats
two main mechanisms of ascites in chronic liver diease
increased portal pressure from fibrosis and decreased albumin/oncotic pressure
two consequences of ammonia build up with chronic liver disease
hepatic encephalopathy and ammonium urate uroliths (both associated with shunts)
cholestasis
bile accumulation in the liver
what two metabolic diseases can cause glycogen accumulation
hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus
what causes centri;obular necrosis
hypoxia and toxicities affecting P450
what causes multifocal, random necrosis
infection/biliary obstruction
what causes massive necrosis
hepatotoxins
copper toxicity in sheep
causes oxidative damage and hemoglobinuria due to RBC injury
theiler’s disease
parvo implicated, but small flabby liver
tyzzers disease
clostridium piliforme in young foals , silver stain for intracellular bacteria
hepatic salmonellosis in cattle
can alse cause inflammation of the gall bladder!
viral causes of hepatitis in USA
canine adenovirus I, EHV, BHV, CHV
what pig parasite often causes multifocal capsular fibrosis from migrating in the pig
ascaris suum
cirrhosis in horses
causes are primarily plant toxins, rarely nodular
umbilicated, firm tan appearance of neoplasm
cholangiosarcoma
gallbladder mucocele
secretion of abnormally thick mucus, predisposed by age, breed, hyperadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism