Q1 RESPIRATORY Flashcards
palatoschisis
cleft palate, communication between oral and nasal cavity
choanal atresia
no opening between lasal cavity and nasopharynx, lack of nasal turbinates
ciliary dyskinesia
malformed cilia
brachycephalic airway syndrome
stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, hypoplastic trachea
eustachitis
gutteral pouch inflammation, empyema is accumulation of pus within
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
catarrhal exudate
mucoid, thick but clear
aspergillus spp.
long nose dogs very purulent rhinitis
common bacterial causes of feline rhinitis and conjunctivitis
calicivirus, herpes, Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydophila felis, fungal cryptococcus spp.
pathognomonic for herpesvirus
dendritic corneal ulcerations
Cryptococcus spp. in cats
gelatinous polypoid masses, can cause encephalitis, “roman nose”
IBR (bovine herpes)
very red, necrotic nose, mannheimia synergism, fibrinonecrotic membrane
pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis in pigs
bord and pasteurella infection ihibits osteoblasts and increases osteoclasts, loss of nasal conchae causes septal deviation
Oestrus ovis
sheep bot fly, larvae deposit in nostrils
Cuterebra spp.
rodent bot fly, nasal cavity in cats
equine rhinopneumonitis (herpes 1,4)
causes myeloencephalopathy and abortions in mares, can remain latent in trigeminal ganglia
horner’s syndrome
miosis and upper eyelid dropping, elevated third eyelid, caused by nerve compression from swelling
ethmoid hematoma
common in horses, pedunculated mass from conchae, unilateral nasal bleeding
most common canine nasal tumor
adenocarcinoma
enzootic nasal carcinoma
retroviral induced neoplasia in sheep and goats, less facial deformities
most common nasal tumor of cats
nasal lymphoma
calf diphtheria
secondary infection of fusobacterium necrophorum, fibrin can block the larynx
Oslerus osleri
parasitic tracheobronchitis in young dogs
clara cells
unique non-ciliated epithelial cell in the bronchioles that act like stem cells and secrete protective factors
type I pneumocytes
flat epithelial cells necessary for gas exchange, replaced by type II temporarily after injury
RAO/asthma histo changes
chronic hypersensitivity causes goblet cell metaplasia and sometimes smooth muscle hypertrophy
equine exercise induces pulmonary hemorrhage
massive rupture of small alveolar capillaries following exercise, epistaxis
emphysema vs bullae
e- septal rupture with crepitus, really looks like streaks of bubbles in lungs
b- large air pockets, can lead to pneumothorax
atelectasis
lung collapse
suppurative bronchopneumonia
cranioventral dark red, firm lung tissue, often aerogenous route
shipping fever
mannheimiosis causes severe fibrinous bronchopnumonia, often fatal, very prevalent in US
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
DARK red, firm, cranioventral with fibrillar material on pleura, aerogenous
actinobacillus suis (s)/ pleuropneumonia (p)
swine infection that causes an embolic lung pattern, both very deadly, p involves persistent infections
Mycoplasma bovis infection
large areas of pulmonary abscessation
indicative of aspriation
necrosuppurative
interstitial pneumonia
caudodorsal/diffuse, rubbery with rib impressions and no collapse, direct alveolar damage, caused by toxins and viruses
canine distemper virus
lymphoid atrophy, some inclusions and viral syncytia (fused infected cells)
bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
caused by lush grass w/ L-tryptophan, eventually transforms to free radicals in club cells, causes necrosis of type I and bronchiolar cells, fibrin exudate, very bumpy lungs
ovine progressive pneumonia/ caprine arthritis and encephalitis
lentiviruses have a long incubation after often being transmitted in the colostrum, very rubbery lungs
rhodococcus equi
infects young foals/ immunodeficient, causes small multifocal granulomatous lesions
mycobacterium bovis
unpasteurized milk, causes large granulomas
tell apart fungal pneumonias
histoplasma- intracellular with clear halos
cryptococcus- thick mucinous capsule, soap bubbles
blastomyces- basophilic, large
coccidioides- vary in size, weird ring cells
primary pulmonary neoplasia
majority are malignant and epithelial (carcinoma), pulmonary adenocarcinoma most common
feline lung-digit syndrome
for some reason lung masses met to the toes in cats
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
caused by retrovirus, affects ventral lung lobes
granular cell tumors
horses have eosinophilic masses that can arise in the airways and sometimes block them
pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
idiopathic in dogs/cats, westies, EHV 5 in horses makes nodules, trichrome stain
