Q2 ENDOCRINE Flashcards
what hormones are made in the PG pars distalis and by what cells? (5)
somatotrophs- GH
lactotrophs- prolactin
corticotrophs- ACTH
thyrotrophs- TSH
gonadotrophs- LH/FSH
which hormones are made by PG pars nervosa pituicytes?
vasopressin and oxytocin
central DI
pars nervosa compromised and patient cannot make ADH
somatotroph adenoma
mostly in cats, secretes GH and causes insulin resistance and acromegaly
corticotroph adenoma
hypersecretes ACTH and thus increases cortisol, PDH cushings
pitutitary gland carcinoma
nonfunctional but will destroy tissue, causes panhypopituitarism and central DI
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
functional pars intermedia adenoma causes compression of the hypothalamus and an increase in ACTH somehow
veratrum californicum toxicity
causes PG aplasia in ruminants and prolonged gestation
which zones of the adrenal gland are controlled by ACTH?
zona fasciculata and zona reticularis
addison’s disease
primary hypoadrenocorticism, immune mediated destruction of all cortical zones (low Na, high K)
ADH cushings
functional cortical adenoma of the zona fasciculata causes high cortisol levels
calcinosis cutis
mineralization of the skin due to cushings
conn’s syndrome
functional adrenal gland adenoma of the zona granulosa in cats, hyperaldosteronism (high Na, low K)
pheochromocytoma
functional adrenal gland medullary tumor causes hypertension and cardiomyopathy, can be malignant
c-cell tumors
hypersecrete calcitonin, primarily in bulls
lymphocytic thyroiditis
immune mediated thyroid tissue destruction in dogs, causes hypothyroidism
goiter
acquired through diet or toxicity (iodine imbalance) or inherited hypothyroidism causes big thyroids
hypothyroidism symptoms
weight gain, alopecia, atherosclerosis and hepatolipidosis
hyperthyroidism
usually cats, functional thyroid adenoma causes weight loss and masks renal failure
what does PTH do
increases Ca, decreases P (chief cells)
what does vit D3 do
increases Ca and P
what does calcitonin do
decreases Ca and P
hypoparathyroidism symptom
neuromuscular tetany and excitability, seizures
two causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism
nutrition (Ca imbalance) and renal (low vit D3)
functional chief cell adenoma
primary hyperparathyroidism causes high PTH (HIGH Ca)
pseudohyperparathyroidism causes
CLAP (carcinoma, lymphoma, ASAGA, and plasma cell myeloma) secretes PTHrp to mimic normal PTH
