PX- Chapter 4: Programming Flashcards
What is programming
the processes where you collect and analyze info about a problem and the problem is stated.
gathering info about the client’s specific needs as well as identifying broader issues of human factors, social & cultural issues.
What are some common things that are done in the programming phase
stating client's goals and objectives analysis of exiting building aesthetic considerations space needs adjacency requirements organizing concepts code review budget requirements scheduling requirements
What is the Problem Seeking method of programming
5 step process:
- Establish Goals: what the client wants to achieve & why
- Collect & Analyze facts: existing conditions, project requirements (like # of ppl), space adjacency
- Uncovering and testing concepts: develop abstract ideas that are functional solutions with out defining the physical means to solve the problem. You give a programmic concept.
- Determine Needs: separate the wants from the needs- what the budget will allow for etc. This will help manage expectations
- State the problem: the statement is the bridge btwn programming and the design processes. There should be 4 statements, one for each form, function, economy & time.
What are four major considerations during programming
- Form: existing conditions of the space, the psychological environment and quality of construction
- Function: the people using the space and the activities to be performed there and the relationship of spaces to each other
- Economy: concerns money- the initial cost plus the operating costs and life-cycle costs
- Time: past, present & future as they affect the other three considerations (schedule)
What should every program document contain
- statement of goals and objectives
- A list of client requirements
- A list of spaces and their square footage
what are optional items to include in a program document
survey of existing conditions, budget requirements, scheduling constraints & expansion requirements
What is anthropometrics
measurement of the size, proportions and range of motion of the human body
What are Ergonomics
the study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment. Uses anthropomorphic data but shows how humans interact with objects
what is one of the most critical dimensions when designing a computer station and what is that dimension
the keyboard height at 26 to 28.5” aff and be adjustable
what is one of the most important factors when designing a workstation
the chair and it’s adjustability
what are the environmental factors of human comfort
Temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation, air quality, sound, vibration & light
in which ways does the body loose heat and describe all
- convection- the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (gas or liquid)
- evaporation - moisture changes to a vapour as a person perspires or breathes
- Radiation - transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface
What is the sensation of thermal comfort
depends on the interrelationship of air temperature, humidity & air movement and raditaion
How far away from the wall must a table be to allow for seating
30” from wall to chair
18-24” for chair
overall 48” to 54”
How far away from a wall must a round table be for seating
30” to the chair , 18-24” for the chair
48” to 54” as well
what is range of depth for a desk in inches
30-36”
how wide is a desk (range of standards)
60-72”
how much width do you need per person at a dining table including the person and chair
30”
what is the main determinant of comfort in a room (thermal comfort)
temperature
comfy range is between 69 and 80 F or 21 to 27 C
what are comfortable humidity ranges
30% and 65%
what does air movement do for heat loss in a person
increases evaporation and heat loss through convection. This is why you feel comfy when it’s hot and there is a breeze
What is the purpose of ventilation in a building
provide oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, remove ordours and carry away contaminants. Required ventilation depends on the activity in the room
when would you require extra ventilation in a room
when you need to exhaust air- toilets, kitchens , spaces with noxious fumes
how do you calculate the ventilation rate
you don’t- building codes say it and the mechanical person does it.
List some information that may be required for a project in the programming stage (broad categories)
Goals & Objectives User requirements activity requirements furnishings and equipment Adjacency space requirements listed by activity area and sq.ftage time and money requirements
What is the best way to get information from a client and why.
interview because you can observe them in person, clarify any thing in person, pick up on non verbal clues
not good if you’re in a rush, it takes time.
What should you do before you interview a client
in a company, you need a good cross section of the company- might not be able to interview everyone so the sample should represent the company well
you also need two interviewers, one to to take notes and one to ask the questions and also for second opinions.
what are the pros and cons of a small group interview
pro- efficient exchange of ideas
con- can turn in to a complaint session. if the group gets larger, fewer people will participate
when is it good to use a questionnaire to gather information
when a large number of people need to be surveyed and time or resources don’t allow for individual interviews
must be short and easy to fill out
what is the most reliable way to gather information (not sure why- kim to look in to)
observation- observing what people do rather than listening to what they say. Also good if you can’t interview or question people, like in a public space
bad is if you jump to conclusions with out understanding why people are doing things in a certain way
how could you verify info given by interviews or questionairs
by observing yourself
what is a field survey
a way to determine existing conditions (site measure, photos, onsite conditions.)
if new building, look at the architectural drawings.
what is the difference between human factors and ergonomics
human factors focuses on the FIT between objects spaces & users
Ergonomics studies the RELATIONSHIPS between human body and physical environment
