Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCIDQ > Chapter 15: Lighting > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Lighting Flashcards

1
Q

what does good lighting involve? or what are you trying to provide with lighting design

A

to provide the property quantity and quality of light to perform a tast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what variables determine how much light to provide

A

nature of the task being performed, the age of the person performing the task, the reflectances of the room, and the demand for speed and accuracy in performing the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the ratio between general background light (ambient light) to task lighting

A

ambient light is about 1/3 less illumination than task light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some important factors to consider when dealing with light quality

A

glare, contrast, uniformity and colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what types of glare are there

A
  1. direct - when you can see the light source and causes discomfort (not all light sources cause glare)
  2. Reflected - a light source is reflected from a viewed surface into the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do you evaluate direct glare

A

by the Visual Comfort Probability (VCP)- manufacturers publish this rating. complex.

for most situations the critical zone is the area above 45 degrees from the light source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you solve direct glare

A

by either using a fixture with a 45 degree cutoff angle or by moving the luminaire out of the field of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you solve reflective glare (or veiling reflections)

A

move the task light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do you avoid veiling reflections

A

by providing general background illumination and specific task lights that can be moved around by the user.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is contrast in lighting

A

the difference in illumination level between one point and nearby points.

it is vitally important because people see by contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what affects a persons comfort in a space when it comes to lighting

A

the uniformity. complete uniformity is not usually desired. Shadows create interest and highlight things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is lighting efficacy

A

the ratio of luminous flux emitted to the total power input of the source- measured in lumens per watt.

for example efficacy of incandescent is 5-20 so 5 lumens per 20 watts. LED is 40-100+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some considerations to think about when selecting a lamp source

A

CRI, initial cost, operating costs, efficacy, size, operating life and ability to control the output (dimming?), heat produced (heat adds to the total energy load of a building)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are incandescent lamps designated

A

by their shaped followed by a number that indicates the diameter in eighths of an inch at the widest point

example: R-38 is a reflector lamp with a diameter of 38/8 (4 3/4”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an R type lamp

A

standard reflector lamp

wide beam spread. Available in flood spread and spot light spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an ER lamp

A

Elliptical reflector lamp- more efficient through of light because it focuses the beam at a point slightly in front of the lamp before it spreads out. slightly smaller spread than an R lamp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a PAR lamp

A

parabolic aluminized reflector lamp

focuses light in a tighter spread (second narrowest after MR-16). Available in flood spread and spot light spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an MR-16 lamp

A

low voltage multifaceted mirror reflector.

many beam spreads available- narrow to wide.

Generally have the narrowest beam spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the pros and cons of incandescent lamps

A

pro- cheap, small, easy to dim, repeatedly started without decrease in lamp life, nice warm colour

con- low efficacy, short lamp life and high heat output. not good for large energy efficient installations

20
Q

what are the pros and cons of Tungsten-halogen lamps

A

type of incandescent lamp

longer lamp life than regular incandescent, more uniform light colour, better efficacy, and more compact

con- since they operate at high temperatures, the lamp can shatter so they are enclosed in another bulb to protect it

21
Q

what does it mean when a lamp is low-voltage

A

incandescent only?

typical voltage is 120 V. Low voltage is usually 12 V. but they require a higher amperage or current.

pro- offer better beam control because they are smaller lamps and good for narrow beam spreads

con- require a transformer to step down the voltage. which is more expensive.

22
Q

what are the pros and cons of a Fluorescent lamp

A

pros- high efficacy, low initial cost, long life, lots of colour temperature, can be dimmed but more expensively,

cons- harder to control precicley because the lamps are usually larger so this means they are better for general illumination

23
Q

what is a GU-24 socket

A

requires a GU-24 lamp that is a two pin base.

system designed to replace the standard Edison screw base. Energy star says for residential light fixtures, you can’t use the Edison screw base.

24
Q

what is an HID lamp and what are it’s pros and cons

A

High Intensity Discharge

pro- long lamp life

con- poor colour rendering and take time to restart after they have been shut off

general for outdoor lighting or industrial interiors like warehouses

25
Q

what is the difference between incandescent, fluorescent, HID lamps in regards to as how they work (how they are illuminated

A

Incandescent - tungsten filament in a sealed bulb with gas. Electricity makes the filament glow

Fluorescent lamps- mixture of inert gas and low pressure mercury vapor with a phosphor-coated bulb. when energized, the mercury creates UV light that ignites the phosphor coated bulb.

HID- electricity runs through a gas or vapour under high pressure.

26
Q

How are fluorescent lamps designated

A

according to their type, wattage, diameter, colour and type of starting circuitry

example F40T12WW/RD is a fluorescent lamp that is 40W, tubular in shape, with 12/8 diameter (1.5”) warm white colour and a rapid start circuit

27
Q

what are the three types of fluorescent lamp starting circuitry

A

rapid start, instant start, and preheat

28
Q

what is a major disadvantage to a metal-halide lamp

A

the colour changes over their life

29
Q

what are pros and cons to LED lighting

A

very bright, long life, low power consumption, no heat production and very easily controlled, lots of colours

con- more expensive and lower efficacy but they are getting better

30
Q

name the lighting systems that introduce light in to a space (don’t describe yet)

A 
direct lighting
semi direct
direct-indirect
indirect
task-ambient
31
Q

what is a semi direct lighting system

A

majority of the light goes down and a small bit goes up. Usually surface mounted or suspended

32
Q

what is a indirect lighting system

A

all the light pointed to ceiling and the room is light by reflection off of the ceiling

33
Q

what is a task-ambient light system

A

general background illumination with separate light fixtures at individual workstations or wherever light is needed.

common in commercial lighting systems

34
Q

what is characteristic spectral energy distribution

A

a measure of the energy output at different wavelengths or colours- graph with spikes at certain wavelengths

35
Q

why must a designer know the colour characteristics of a light source

A

the light colour affects the colour of finishes, furniture and other objects in the space.

36
Q

what are the steps in the lighting design process

A
  1. determine the function of the space and the visual tasks to be performed. Determine the light levels needed. Also look at daylight contribution, ceiling height and other physical limitations
  2. select lamp types. based on the CRI required, initial cost, life cycle cost, type of control required, if spot lights are required
  3. the number and location of the luminare. Location is usually based on experience or rules of thumb
37
Q

what is shown in the RCP according to NCIDQ

A

construction of the ceiling, location of diffusers, smoke detectors and lighting and sometimes switching if a larger commercial project. but the designer should decide how the lights will be switched

38
Q

what is daylighting when it comes to lighting

A

electric lighting can be up to 50% of a buildings total energy use so if you can use daylight that’s helpful. It’s also good for the employees health to have day light in a space

39
Q

who determines how daylighting is used

A

the architect

40
Q

what can interior designers do to help or not interfere with architect’s daylighting plan

A

sensitive when location partitions or creating lower partitions to let the light come in. also space plan with open concepts and leave the areas near windows available for views and to let in as much light as possible. Also can source window coverings to deal with glare etc

41
Q

what are some cons to daylighting

A

heat gain and loss, increased glare, imbalanced lighting if side lighting is too strong.

42
Q

what is the effective daylighting depth

A

2.5 x the height of the window

43
Q

how do architects deal with heat gain and loss and glare of daylighting

A

with a light shelf- placed above eye level that reflects daylight onto the ceiling

44
Q

how can interior designs contribute to energy conservation through lighting in commercial buildings

A

using daylighting, selecting high efficacy lights, using efficient luminares, minimizing uneeded ambient illumination, providing task lighting only where it’s needed and selecting high reluctance ceiling wall and floor surfaces to reduce the total number of fixtures required to light a space, automatic switching, lighting system tuning (adjustment of lighting after construction is complete)

45
Q

in an emergency, what areas need to be illuminated at all times and for how long

A
  1. exit access corridors in buildings with two or more exits
  2. aisles in rooms and spaces required to have two or more exits
  3. exit stairways in buildings with two more more exits
  4. exit discharge elements when permitted where 50% of the exit capacity may egress through the lobby.

for 90 min.

46
Q

what is typically the tallest and shortest recessed luminare

A 
tallest= HID downlight
shortest = standard recessed fluorescent troffer

NCIDQ (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions