Chapter 17: Architectural Woodwork Flashcards
what is another name for architectural woodwork
millwork
why is architectural wood work higher quality
because it’s done in a ship where you have special machinery and you can finish things better wheras on site you can’t do all of that
what are the grades of millwork
premium, custom and economy
what is the most common grade of millwork
Custom- still high quality but not super high quality
What is modular casework
fabricated cabinets that are selected from a manufacturer’s standard product line- like kitchen and baths. Cabinets that are not custom sized
what is softwood and hardwood
softwood is evergreen trees
hardwood is deciduous trees
why is most millwork made from veneer stock instead of solid stock
because of the limited availability of many hardwood species
name and describe the ways that solid stock lumber is cut from a log
- plain sawing (or flat sawing- take a log and just cut straight across- most efficient use of the log and the least expensive. creates cathedrals
- Quarter sawing- cutting the log in to quarters and then sawing straight across the quarter. more uniformly vertical grain. tests to twist and cup and shrink less, hold paint better and have fewer defects
- Rift Sawing - cut the log in quarters than cut the log at angles towards the center- cuts radially to the center of the tree. more waste and more expensive
are all types of cuts available in all wood species
no
what are the ways that veneer is cut off a log
- plain slicing- same as solid stock
- quarter slicing- same as solid stock
- rotary slicing - log is mounted on a lathe and a continuous layer of veneer is peeled off the log. Very grainy. not good for high end stuff but has the least amount of waste.
- Half round slicing - similar to rotary but the log is cut in half first. Still pretty grainy
- Rift slicing- cut the log in quarters and cutting at a 15 degree angle to the growth rings. Straight grain. Used with oak to get rid or some of the cathedrals
what is the name of individual veneers that come off a log
flitch
what is the purpose of millwork joints that don’t use screws etc
to hide the fasteners to make it look better. also improves strength
name the 9 joint details in the NCDIQ book
half lap
finger joint scarf rabbet dado dovetail dado miter shoulder miter splintered miter
how to installers fit counter tops precicely to the wall
they use a scribe that is trimmed in the field to follow the irregularities of the wall
what should you make sure to have when installing upper cabinets in steel stud frame construction
you need wood blocking in the wall to attach the cabinets to
name the four basic categories of door and drawer front construction (don’t describe)
flush, flush overlay, reveal overlay and lipped overlay
What is Flush door construction
the face of the drawer is flush with the face frame
expensive to make sure the doors and frame align. sometimes the doors and drawers will sag which creates non uniform spacing
typical face frame doors
what is lipped overlay cabinet door construction
where the door overlaps the face frame slightly- the doors are not flush with the face frame. the doors are knotched out so that about 1/2 the depth is gone
what is flush overlay construction
where the doors completely cover the face frame- like my ikea kitchen. really no face frame, just a gable
aka european cabinets
what is reveal overlay construction
the doors overlap the face frame (attached to the gable) and leave a 3/4” gap between them. door is fully in front of the face frame
less expensive than flush overlay because minor misalignment are not as noticeable
more traditional method
name the two types of wood paneling
stile and rail aka raised panel
flush
name the three general concepts for matching veneer panels
matching between adjacent veneer leaves
matching veneers within a panel
matching panels within a room
what type of veneer matching is book matching.
matching adjacent veneer leaves
what type of veneer matching is slip matching and what is it
matching adjacent veneer leaves
where you don’t mirror the panels. Just put it side by side
what type of veneer matching is random matching and what is it
matching adjacent veneers
veneers in a random sequence. Can even use different flitches
which type of veneer matching yields the maximum continuity of grain
book matching
what is running match used for and what is it-
when bookmatching veneers
misc sizes of veneer panels put side by side. the panel that is cut at the end continues on the next wall
what is balance match used for and what is it
when book matching veneer - veneer panels of equal width along each wall
what is center matching and what is it used for
when book matching veneer - even number of leaves that are the same width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel so it looks like it continues from panel to panel but there is maybe a reveal
what is a warehouse match and what is it
for installing panels
least expensive
4 x 8 panel or 4 x 10 panel made from a single flitch that you get 6-12 panels from. they are field cut to fit around doors and windows as required. seams in panels are not aligned with anything (door edges etc), the width of the panel remains the same at all times
has some loss of grain continuity
name the three ways of matching bookmatched veneers within one panel
running match
balance match
center match
name the three ways veneer panels can be installed in a room
warehouse match
sequence match
blueprint matching
what is the most expensive type of bookmatching within one panel
center match
what is sequence matching and what is it used for
for installing panels in a room
specifically made for that room, might not all be the same width. aligns with doors and windows
what is blueprint matching and what is it used for
for installing panels in a room
like sequence matching where it’s made specifically for a room, but this time the grain is matched up panel by panel so you don’t lose any grain continuity
what’s the most expensive way of installing panels (pattern wise)
blueprint matching
what is the least expensive way of installing panels (Pattern wise)
warehouse matching
how can you hang wood panels on a wall- name two hardwares
cleats or z-clips
what are popular substrates for laminate wall panels.
veneer core (veneers that make up a core- like fir- not recommended for interior use), MDF, plywood or particle board.
what is the most commonly used laminate substrate
45 lbm density particle board is the most commonly used because it’s smooth, has good impact resistance and provides good strength for using screws
what would you use for a laminate substrate if you were using a gloss laminate
mdf because it’s the smoothest but it’s more expensive and not as good at holding screws
why would you need to add a backer to a panel of plam
for large applications- if you have a core and you put a sheet of plam on the front, you need to balance that pulling out with plam on the back for structural balance so it won’t warp
what is standing trim (millwork)
an item of fixed length like door or window casing that can be installed with a single length of trim
usually custom fabricated in a mill and then installed on the job site- not like finish carpentry
what is running trim (millwork)
item of continuing length like baseboard, chair rail or cornice
usually custom fabricated in a mill and then installed on the job site- not like finish carpentry
what must you do in wood millwork design to help with shrinking and swelling
allow for movement to take place without putting too much stress on the wood joints.
what climate factors should you take in to consideration when building millwork
the relative humidity of where you are located
what is the optimum moisture content of millwork for interiors for most of the states, ontario and quebec. and what relative humidity level is required to keep it that way
5% to 10% moisture content and 25 to 55% relative humdity
do the coastal climates get to have higher humidity levels in their millwork because they are on the coast
yes. 8% to 13%. Same with drier climates- can be lower
for millwork, is a factory or field finish better
factory because it’s easier to control
what types of millwork might be field finished
trim work, minor cabinetry work, touch ups
name the three “categories” of millwork finishes
Opaque
transparent
stains
when would you use an opaque millwork finish
on closed grain woods, MDF
what are the pros and cons to using a lacquer finish on millwork
pro- easy to apply and repair, pretty low cost.
con- doesn’t provide chemical wear resistance as other
what is the difference between varnish and polyurethane
varnish is more durable and has more “solids”. Made out of resins
polyurethane comes in water based and is good for low use items. It’s basically plastic in a liquid form
If you want something more durable use a varnish.
Varnish protects from UV. Cheaper too usually
what is the most traditional finish for wood millwork
oil finishes. you need to reoil and tend to darken with age
what’s the difference between a water based and solved based wood stain
water based- uniform colour but raises the grain
wolvent base- dry quick, less uniform and do not raise the grain
stain before you finish with top coat
what types of millwork are not governed by the IBC
things that are not an “interior finish” like some types of trim, handrails, guard rails or anything thinnger than 0.36”, free standing furniture, cabinets, shelves
when can you use as much veneer panels in a space as you want
if it’s thinner than 0.36” and is on a fire-retardant treated material. Also make sure the blocking is fire retardant
how can interior designers help with ecological concerns when it comes to specifying wood products
specify woods that are from a sustainable source or choose a domestic species that is in plentiful supply or use composite wood veneers.
