PX- Chapter 16: Finishes Flashcards
name the four types of wood flooring (don’t describe)
Plank
Block
Strip
end grain block
what’s the difference between plan and strip wood flooring
strip is thin strips that are 2.25” wide typically. Plank is wider from 3.25” up to 8”
what is block flooring
preassembled wood flooring like parquet
which types of wood flooring are considered sustainable
bamboo and palm wood
how do you install a wood floor to allow for expansion
leave a 3/4” gap around the perimeter of the room
how can you protect wood flooring from moisture
add a moisture barrier under the plywood sub floor or put the floor on 2 x 4 sleepers to get it off the slab.
what is the benefit of using engineered floors vs real wood floors
engineered floors are more dimensionally stable than solid wood- they shrink and swell less with moisture
what’s the difference between thin set and thick set stone flooring installation
thin sest is 1/8” thick layer of mortar.
thick set is 3/4” to 1.25” thick
when would you use thick set vs thin set mortar for stone tile flooring installation
thick set is better for when the subfloor is uneven or when the stone floor varies in thickness. overall thickness of floor is 1.5-2.5” above the subfloor
what is the benefit of thin set mortar for stone flooring installs
it’s cheaper and add less weight to the floor and are faster to install
what can you to for stone flooring to make sure the stone floor doesn’t crack if the subfloor moves
install a membrane between the sub floor and the mortar so they are not bonded together.
what type of grout would you use if movement in the floor is expected
latex grout
what are some advantages to Terrazzo flooring
durability, water resistance, easy cleaning, fire resistance and large selection of colours and patterns
name the three types of Terrazzo flooring
standard- most common- small chips
Venetian- medium chips
Palladian- random fractured slabs of marble
Rustic- has the matrix derpressed to expose the chips
for Terrazzo floors, what’s the best way to install it if the subfloor might move
sand cushion above the subfloor
what is resilient flooring
formed under heat and pressure to produce a thin material in either sheets or tile
what are the pros and cons to vinyl flooring
durable, resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis and some acids. inexpensive and easy to install.
can be below grade or above grade
cons- ugly and not very sustainable
what are pros and cons of rubber flooring
pro- excellent resistance to deformation under loads, quiet
con- not resistant to oils and grease
what are the pros and cons of cork flooring
pro- renewable, good for acoustical control
con- needs a really smooth subfloor, needs to be refinished once in a while
what should you test the concrete sub floor for before installing resilient flooring and wood
moisture level, PH level and Alkalinity
what is the most common test to test concrete for moisture
calcium chloride test or moisture dome test- easy and inexpensive- place a mass of calcium chloride below a plastic cover and seal it to the floor. after 60-72 ours, the calcium chloride is weighed and compared to it’s pre-test weight
what is the scale of PH and which is alkaline and which is acidic
0-14. 7 is considered neutral. Less than 7 is acidic and more than 7 is alkaline
what is the PH of concrete normally & what should it be for flooring
12-13.3
8.5 up to 9.0
what happens what concrete subfloor is too alkaline
- can damage a tile install because the adhesive would liquify
- alkali-silica reaction- the alkaline cement starts to dissolve sand and rock within the concrete and creates a gel like material that creates pressure and can buckle or blister floor finishes.
what are the pros of carpet for a flooring material
pretty, durable, quiet, easy to install, requires less maintenance than many other types of flooring
what are the three basic forms of carpet for installing
rugs, sheet and carpet tiles
what is a typical roll length for a roll of carpet
12’-0”
what is the best and second best fiber for carpets
- wool- durable, wears well, flame resistant, easy to clean, most expensive
- Nylon- economical, wear resistant, stain resistant and crush resistant. most popular for residential and commercial carpet
what type of carpet fiber is typically used for outdoor carpet
olefin aka polypropylene. Has a low melting point though
name 4 manufacturing processes to make carpet (don’t describe yet)
weaving tufting needle punching fusion bonding knitting or custom tufting
what type of manufacturing process for carpet is the most popular and most expensive
weaving
name and describe three weaving methods
- Wilton Carpet- on a jacquard loom- complex patterns. all yarn runs beneath the surface- you bring it up when you want that colour to appear. Heavy and expensive. Cut and loop pile
- Velvet- simplest form- all of the pile yarn on the face of the carpet. mostly solid colour. loop and cut pile
- Axminster- made on modified jaquard loom that delivers different colours of yarn at different times according to the pattern desired. lots of patterns and colours. even cut pile
describe the tufting manufacturing process for carpets
yarn is punched through the backing of the carpet with needs- like sewing.
loop or cut pile
can do it fast, inexpensive. The majority of carpets is this method
describe the fusion bonding manufacturing process for carpets
embeds the pile yan in a backing of liquid vinyl. when the vinyl hardens, the tufs are permanently locked in the vinyl. Has no backing because the vinyl is the backing
used mainly for carpet tiles
what is the gauge of a carpet and what are common numbers
the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27” width in tufted carpets- spacing in fractions of an inch between needles across the width of the carpet
5/64, 1/10,1/8 are common for contract carpet
what is the stitch rate for carpet
the number of lengthwise tufts in 1”. the higher the stitch or guage, the denser the carpet
what is the pile height of a carpet
the height of the fibers from the surface of the backing to the top of the pile
what is the purpose of a cushion or underpad for a carpet
increases the life of the carpet, provides better resiliency, better comfort, helps with sound absorption and lessen impact noise
what is the most common carpet backing
polypropylene backing yarn for woven carpet
what are the two ways to install carpet
glue down or stretched-in installation
what test does all carpet sold in the USA need to pass
ASTM D2859 or methenamine pill test. Measure the response of a carpet sample to a burning methenamine tablet.
what test does the IBC say carpet must meet
ASTM E648 flooring radiant panel test
what are some advantages of using tile for flooring
durability, water resistance, easy install, easy cleaning, lots of colour choices, fire resistance, fade resistance, can store heat for passive solar collection
what’s the difference between ceramic tile and porcelain tile
ceramic tile is made of clay or a mixture of clay. fired at high heat. for porcelain, it’s made of clay but it’s lighter in colour and generally denser than ceramic clay. fired at higher temperatures than ceramic and for longer which makes it denser and harder than ceramic tile which makes it more durable and less porous and can be used outside.
what is seamless flooring and what are the pros and cons
mixture of resinous matrix, fillers and decorative materials applied in a liquid or viscous form that cures to a hard seamless surface
pr- very durable, very stain and chemical resistance, very water resistance. Usually used in like commercial kitchens and hospitals
how do you rate the slipperyness of flooring
COF coefficient of Friction measures the slip resistance. From 0 to 1. The higher the number the less slippery the surface
what factors can contribute to how slippery a floor is
wet vs dry, shoe material, person’s weight, angle of impact and floor contamination
what is the most commonly used test for testing the slip resistance of floors
ASTM D2047 standard method for static coefficient of friction of polish-coated flooring surfaces as measured by the james machine- AKA the James machine test. Most reliable but can only be performed in a lab on smooth dry surfaces. NOT FOR WET OR ROUGH surfaces. 0.5 is the minimum required for a slip resistant floor
what are the components to paint
binder- gives paint inegrity and holes the pigment
pigments- colour
liquid (or carrier)- keeps the paint fluid till it dries- evaporates. it’s water in latex paint
additives- gives it certain attrubutes like mildewcides
what are some cons about oil paint
smells bad, might make the paint yellow or crack as it ages, need to be cleaned up with solvents
when would you use an epoxie finish
on something you need to be very durably finished. Like concrete floors. Adheres to metal as well. Resists corrosion
when it comes to paint, what should the designer be aware of for important environmental and safety info
lead based paint removal and VOC volite organic compounds
what year does a building need to be built before that might have lead paint in it
1978
how do you get ride of lead paint in a home
you can cover the wall with a new layer of GWB or repainting it. You should get a consultant in if you think there is lead paint who can tell you the best course of action
what is the amount of VOC in non-flat interior and exterior coatings
380 g/l
what factors about paint determines how many VOC’s are aloud in it
the type of coating and the gloss type
what is a typical wallpaper roll width and length and square footage
20.5” wide x 21 feet, 36 square feet
what is a pattern reapeat in wallpaper
the distance from one point to the next instance of the same point in the pattern
what is straight matching wallpaper
when one length of wallpaper is directly matched horizontally and the pattern continues with out moving the paper
what is drop matching wallpaper
if the next peice of wallpaper is lowered to continue the pattern
why would you use a vinyl wallcovering. what is it’s roll size
abrasion resistant and satisfies most code requirements for flammability
rolls are usually 52 or 54” wide and 30 yards long
what grades of vinyl wallcovering are there and describe
type 1- light duty- residential and commersial where little or not abuse expected
type 2- medium duty- residential and commercial and institutional where moderate amount of abuse is expected (offices, classrooms)
type 3- heavy duty- public corridors, hospitals
why should you prime the wall before using vinyl wallcovering
on new wallboard to prevent damage to the wall if the wallcovering is removed
how do you seam vinyl wallcovering
double cutting- overlapping adjacent strips and cutting through and removing both. gets a really tight butt joint.
overlap the wallpaper by like 1 or 2 inches, cut through both strips, remove the top strip, then peel back the one side and remove the strip underneath
butting- used for patterned wallcovering where matching is critical (so you can’t overlap the wallcovering) or with dark coloured or textured material where removal of adhesive is hard
what’s different about fabric wallcovering vs wallpaper
fabric must be backed with some other material to prevent the adhesive from damaging the fabric. Also to give the fabric additional dimensional stability.
Also must adhere to the fire rating codes like being fire resistant itself or be fire-retardant treated.
what are the two aspecs of acoustical panels that you need to select
fabric type- fabric needs to let the sound through so can’t be backed. Balanced weaves like jaquards and damasks are good. bad = satin and basket weaves
core material- can be loose or tackable. can be batting or mineral fiberboard
make sure none of these things absorb moisture which causes distortion
