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KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC > PVD: Arterial Disease, Venous Disease > Flashcards

PVD: Arterial Disease, Venous Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial Disease:
Occlusive peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Chronic, occlusive arterial disease of ____ and ____-shed vessels, result of peripheral _____

A

Medium
Large
Atherosclerosis

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2
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD
Associated with ____ and ____. Pts may also have ____, cerebrovascular disease, _____, metabolic syndrome, and hx of _____.

A

HTN, hyperlipidemia

CAD, DM, smoking

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3
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD

Diminished blood supply to affected extremities with pulses ____ or ___.

A

Diminished, absent

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4
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD

Color: ___ on elevation, ____, with dependency

A

Pale

Dusky red

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5
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD
Early stages: pt exhibits ___ ___. Pain described as burning, searing, aching, tightness, cramping. Occurs ____ and ____ with walking, relieved by ____.

A

Intermittent claudication
Regularly, predictably
Rest

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6
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD

Late stages: Pts exhibit ___ pain, muscle ____, trophic changes (____, ___ and ____ changes).

A

Rest
Atrophy
Hair loss, skin, nail

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7
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD

____ ____ ____: Pts exhibit resting or nocturnal pain, skin ulcers, gangrene

A

Critical stenosis PAD

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8
Q

Arterial Disease: PAD

Affects primarily ____ extremities.

A

Lower

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9
Q

Arterial Disease:

Chronic, inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and also veins.

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

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10
Q

Arterial Disease: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
Common in _____ (age), largely ____ (m/f), who _____.

A

Young adults
Males
Smoke

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11
Q

Arterial Disease: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
Begins ___ and progresses ____ in both UE and LE.

A

Distally

Proximally

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12
Q

Arterial Disease: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
Pts exhibit ____ or pain, cyanosis cold extremity, diminished ____ sensation, ____, risk of ___ and ____.

A

Paresthesias
Temperature
Fatigue
Ulcers and gangrene

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13
Q

Arterial Disease:

An inappropriate elevation of blood glucose levels and accelerated atherosclerosis

A

Diabetic angiopathy

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14
Q

Arterial Disease: Diabetic angiopathy

____ is a major complication and ____ ___ may lead to gangrene and _____.

A

Neuropathy
Neurotrophic ulcers
Amputation

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15
Q

Arterial Disease:

Raynaud’s Disease/phenomenon is ___ ___ of ___ arteries and arterioles.

A

Episodic spasm

Small

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16
Q

Arterial Disease: Raynaud’s
Abnormal ____ reflex exacerbated by exposure to ___ or ____ stress; tips of fingers develop pallor, ____, ____ and tingling. Affects largely ____ (m/f). Is occlusive disease usually a factor?

A 
Vasoconstrictor
Cold
Emotional
Cyanosis, numbness
Females
Not a factor
17
Q

Venous Disease:

Distended, swollen, superficial veins; tortuous in appearance

A

Varicose veins

18
Q

Venous Disease:
Formation of blood clot in a deep vein that can lead to complications including DVT, PE, or postthrombotic syndrome (PTS)

A

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

19
Q

Venous Disease: VTE

Mortality?

A

Incidence of 10-30% within 1 month of dx

20
Q

Venous Disease: VTE

Morbidity?

A

1/3 experiences another VTE within 10 yrs

21
Q

Venous Disease: VTE

Can become chronic: ___ can lead to diminished QOL

A

PTS (postthrombotic syndrome)

22
Q

Venous Disease:

Clot formation and acute inflammation in a deep vein

A

Deep vein thrombophlebitis

23
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis
Usually occurs in _____, associated with forced ____, trauma, ____ and hyperactivity of blood coagulation. Can be unprovoked.

A

LE
Immobilization
Surgery

24
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis
S/sx: may be asymptomatic early, progressive _____ with tenderness to palpation; dull ache, tightness, or pain in the ____. Swelling, warmth, redness, or discoloration in LE, prominent _____ _____.

A

Inflammation
Calf
Superficial veins

25
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis
Medical management-
Anticoagulation therapy: used to prevent _____, prevent existing clot from ______, and stabilize clot through _______ properties. (Low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH])

A

New clots from forming
Getting larger
Anti-inflammatory

26
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis
Medical management-
LMWH is contraindicated in patients with ________. Patients at high risk are typically treated with _____ _____.

A 
High risk of bleeding
Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
27
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis
Medical management- Both LMWH and UFH are associated with _________ in small percent of patients (2-3%). ___ is associated with paradoxical increased risk for venous and arterial _____.

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
HIT
Thrombosis

28
Q

Venous Disease: Deep vein thrombophlebitis

Can also use _______ for medical management. DON’T use _____ to evaluate patients suspected of DVT.

A

graded compression stockings

Homan’s Sign

29
Q

Venous Disease:

Presents abruptly with chest pain and dyspnea, diaphoresis, cough, apprehension — requires emergency tx

A

PE

30
Q

Venous Disease: PE

Life threatening: 20% with acute PE die _____, 40% die within _____

A

Almost immediately

3 months

31
Q

Venous Disease: PE

Can result in ____ ____ ____ _____ with reduced oxygenation and pulmonary HTN.

A

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary HTN

32
Q

Venous Disease: PE

Can lead to ___ heart dysfunction and failure.

A

RIGHT

33
Q

Venous Disease:

Combination of clinical signs and symptoms that persist after LE DVT; thrombosis resolution incomplete.

A

Chronic postthrombotic syndrome (PTS)

34
Q

Venous Disease: PTS

Symptoms: pain, intractable ___, limb ___, skin _____ changes, leg ____.

A

Edema
Heaviness
Pigmentation
Ulcers

35
Q

Venous Disease: PTS

Leads to reduced ____ and ____ ____.

A

QOL, functional mobility

36
Q

Venous Disease:

Venous valvular insufficiency

A

Chronic venous stasis/incompetence

37
Q

Venous Disease: Chronic venous stasis/incompetence

From fibroelastic degeneration of _____ tissue, venous _____.

A

Valve

Dilation

38
Q

Venous Disease: Chronic venous stasis/incompetence
Classification:
Grade I: mild aching, minimal ____, dilated ____ ____.
Grade II: increased ____, multiple ____ veins, changes in skin pigmentation.
Grade III: venous _____, severe ____, cutaneous _____.

A

Edema, superficial veins
Edema, dilated
Claudication, edema, ulceration

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC (21 decks)

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