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KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC > Neurohumeral Influences > Flashcards

Neurohumeral Influences Flashcards

1
Q 
Parasympathetic stimulation (cholinergic):
Control located in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ center
A

Medulla oblongata

CardioINHIBITORY

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2
Q

Parasympathetic stim:

Via what nerve and what plexus?

A

Vagus nerve

Cardiac plexus

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3
Q

Parasympathetic stim: Vagus nerve and cardiac plexus innervate what?

What NT does it release?

A

SA node
AV node
Sparsely the myocardium

ACh

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4
Q

Parasympathetic stim:
Slows rate and force of ________ contraction
Decreases ________ ________

A

Myocardial

Myocardial metabolism

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5
Q

Parasympathetic stim:

Causes coronary artery __________

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

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6
Q 
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Where are the control centers located?
A

Medulla oblongata, cardioACCELETORY center

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7
Q

Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Via cord segments __________
Upper ______ and ______ chain ganglia

A

T1-T4 (in neuro section says T1-L2)

Thoracic and cervical

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8
Q

Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Innervate _______, ______, ______ ______, and _______
Releases what 2 NT

A

SA node
AV node
Conduction pathways
Myocytes

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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9
Q 
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Causes an increase in the rate and force of \_\_\_\_\_\_ contraction and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Myocardial

Metabolism

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10
Q 
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Causes coronary artery \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Vasodilation

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11
Q

Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic): the skin and peripheral vasculature receive only _____ ____________ sympathetic innervation
Causes _________ of cutaneous arteries
Sympathetic inhibition must occurs for ___________

A

Post ganglionic
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

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12
Q

Coronary artery vasoconstriction: ___

Coronary artery vasodilation: ___

A

PNS

SNS

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13
Q

Drugs are increase sympathetic functioning are _____

Drugs that decrease it are _____

A

Sympathomimetics

Sympatholytics

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14
Q

What are the main mechanisms controlling HR?

A

Barareceptors (pressoreceptors)

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15
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

In walls of aortic arch and carotid sinus — via vasomotor center

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16
Q

Circulatory reflex responds to changes in ___ ____

A

Blood pressure

17
Q

Increased BP results in __________ stimulation
Decreased ____ and ______ of cardiac contraction
_________ inhibition
Decreased ______ resistance

A

Parasympathetic
Rate and force
Sympathetic
Peripheral

18
Q

Decreased BP results in _________ stimulation
Increased ___ and ____
And _________ of peripheral blood vessels

A

Sympathetic
HR and BP
Vasoconstriction

19
Q

Inc RA pressure causes ____ ______ of HR

A

Reflex acceleration

20
Q

Chemoreceptors are located in ____ ______

They are sensitive to changes in blood chemicals including ___, ____, and ___ ____

A

Carotid body

O2, CO2, lactic acid

21
Q

Increased ____, or decreased ____, or decreased ____ (elevated ____ ____ would result in an increase in HR

A

CO2
O2
PH
Lactic acid

22
Q

Increased ____ levels results in decrease in HR

A

O2

23
Q

Increased body temp causes HR to ________

A

Increase

24
Q

Decreased body temp causes HR to ______

A

Decrease

25
Q

Hyperkalemia: increased concentration of _________ ions does what to the rate and force of contraction?

A

Potassium

DECREASES

26
Q

Hyperkalemia will produce what ECG changes?

A

WIDENED PR interval and QRS

TALL T WAVES

27
Q

Hypokalemia: decreased concentration of potassium ions with produce ECG changes including what?

A

flattened t waves
Prolonged PR and QT intervals
Arrythmias

28
Q

Hyper or hypo kalemia is may progress to vFib?

A

HYPO

29
Q

Hypercalcemia: increased Ca concentration

Inc/Dec heart actions?

A

INCREASE

30
Q

Hypocalcemia: decreased Ca concentration

Inc/Dec heart actions?

A

DECREASE

31
Q

Hypermagnesemia: inc magnesium is a _____ blocker which can lead to ______ or ______ ______

A

CALCIUM
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest

32
Q

Hyomagnesemia: dec magnesium causes _______ ______,
____ ____ _____
and _____ ____

A

Ventricular arrhythmias
Coronary artery VASOSPASM
Sudden death

33
Q

Increased peripheral resistance increases what?

A

Arterial blood volume and pressure

34
Q

Decrease peripheral resistance decreases what?

A

Arterial blood volume and pressure

35
Q

Peripheral resistance is influenced by arterial blood volume: ______ of blood and _______ of arterioles and capillaries

A

Viscosity

Diameter

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC (21 decks)

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