Neurohumeral Influences Flashcards
Parasympathetic stimulation (cholinergic): Control located in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ center
Medulla oblongata
CardioINHIBITORY
Parasympathetic stim:
Via what nerve and what plexus?
Vagus nerve
Cardiac plexus
Parasympathetic stim: Vagus nerve and cardiac plexus innervate what?
What NT does it release?
SA node
AV node
Sparsely the myocardium
ACh
Parasympathetic stim:
Slows rate and force of ________ contraction
Decreases ________ ________
Myocardial
Myocardial metabolism
Parasympathetic stim:
Causes coronary artery __________
VASOCONSTRICTION
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic): Where are the control centers located?
Medulla oblongata, cardioACCELETORY center
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Via cord segments __________
Upper ______ and ______ chain ganglia
T1-T4 (in neuro section says T1-L2)
Thoracic and cervical
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic):
Innervate _______, ______, ______ ______, and _______
Releases what 2 NT
SA node
AV node
Conduction pathways
Myocytes
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic): Causes an increase in the rate and force of \_\_\_\_\_\_ contraction and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Myocardial
Metabolism
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic): Causes coronary artery \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Vasodilation
Sympathetic stim (Andrenergic): the skin and peripheral vasculature receive only _____ ____________ sympathetic innervation
Causes _________ of cutaneous arteries
Sympathetic inhibition must occurs for ___________
Post ganglionic
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Coronary artery vasoconstriction: ___
Coronary artery vasodilation: ___
PNS
SNS
Drugs are increase sympathetic functioning are _____
Drugs that decrease it are _____
Sympathomimetics
Sympatholytics
What are the main mechanisms controlling HR?
Barareceptors (pressoreceptors)
Where are baroreceptors located?
In walls of aortic arch and carotid sinus — via vasomotor center
Circulatory reflex responds to changes in ___ ____
Blood pressure
Increased BP results in __________ stimulation
Decreased ____ and ______ of cardiac contraction
_________ inhibition
Decreased ______ resistance
Parasympathetic
Rate and force
Sympathetic
Peripheral
Decreased BP results in _________ stimulation
Increased ___ and ____
And _________ of peripheral blood vessels
Sympathetic
HR and BP
Vasoconstriction
Inc RA pressure causes ____ ______ of HR
Reflex acceleration
Chemoreceptors are located in ____ ______
They are sensitive to changes in blood chemicals including ___, ____, and ___ ____
Carotid body
O2, CO2, lactic acid
Increased ____, or decreased ____, or decreased ____ (elevated ____ ____ would result in an increase in HR
CO2
O2
PH
Lactic acid
Increased ____ levels results in decrease in HR
O2
Increased body temp causes HR to ________
Increase
Decreased body temp causes HR to ______
Decrease
Hyperkalemia: increased concentration of _________ ions does what to the rate and force of contraction?
Potassium
DECREASES
Hyperkalemia will produce what ECG changes?
WIDENED PR interval and QRS
TALL T WAVES
Hypokalemia: decreased concentration of potassium ions with produce ECG changes including what?
flattened t waves
Prolonged PR and QT intervals
Arrythmias
Hyper or hypo kalemia is may progress to vFib?
HYPO
Hypercalcemia: increased Ca concentration
Inc/Dec heart actions?
INCREASE
Hypocalcemia: decreased Ca concentration
Inc/Dec heart actions?
DECREASE
Hypermagnesemia: inc magnesium is a _____ blocker which can lead to ______ or ______ ______
CALCIUM
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest
Hyomagnesemia: dec magnesium causes _______ ______,
____ ____ _____
and _____ ____
Ventricular arrhythmias
Coronary artery VASOSPASM
Sudden death
Increased peripheral resistance increases what?
Arterial blood volume and pressure
Decrease peripheral resistance decreases what?
Arterial blood volume and pressure
Peripheral resistance is influenced by arterial blood volume: ______ of blood and _______ of arterioles and capillaries
Viscosity
Diameter
