Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC > CV Examination > Flashcards

CV Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for CV disease: non modifiable risk factors include: 4 things

A

Age
Fam hx
Race
Gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Risk factors:
Men?
Women?

A

Men > 45

Women > 55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors:

Fam Hx

A

Cardiac event in first degree male relative <55 or first degree female relative < 65 — 1.5-2x your risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risk factors:

Race

A

African American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors:

Gender

A

M>F (pre-menopause)

M=F (post-menopause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reheat are the 7 modifiable risk factors

A 
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Diet
Htn
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Tobacco
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Risk factors:
Goal for cholesterol?
Total?
LDL?
HDL?
Triglycerides
A

Total: <200
LDL: if low risk: <160, if intermediate risk: <130, If high risk, or have CD, or have DM: <100
HDL: >40 men, >50 women
Triglycerides: <150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Risk factors:

Goal for DM

A

HgA1C: <7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors:

Goal for diet?

A

Low fat
Low salt
Balance of veggies, fruits, grains, and meats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk factors:

Goal for Htn?

A

<120/<80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Risk factors:
Goal for obesity
BMI?
Waist circumference?

A

BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2

<40 in (men)
<35 in (female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors:

Goal for physical inactivity

A

At least 30 min exercise, 5-7 days per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk factors:

Goals for tobacco

A

Quit smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulse is influenced by what 6 things?

A 
Force of contraction
Volume and viscosity of blood
Diameter and elasticity of vessels
Emotions
Exercise
Blood temp
Hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Palpate ___ seconds for regular pulse and ____ for irregular rhythm

A

30

1-2 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Apical pulse can be palpated where?

A

SUPINE

5th interspace, midclavicular vertical line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common pulse monitoring site?

A

Radial pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carotid pulse is palpated where?

What do you want to watch out for?

A

Anterior neck btw SCM and trachea
HOB should be elevated

Assess one time at a time to reduce the risk of bradycardia through stimulation of baroreceptor (found in the aortic arch and carotid sinus) - this will produce a reflex drop in pulse rate or BP

19
Q

Brachial pulse is palpated where?

It is the best for what population?

A

Over brachial artery - medial aspect of antecubital fossa

Infants

20
Q

Femoral artery palpated where?

A

Femoral artery in inguinal region

21
Q

Popliteal Artery palpated where?

A

Popliteal artery behind the knee with knee SLIGHTLY FLEXED

22
Q

What is the grading scale for peripheral pulses?

A 
0 = absent pulse, not palpable
1+ = diminished, barely perceptible
2+ = normal, easily palpable
3+ = full pulse, increased strength
4+ = bounding
23
Q

Pedal pulse: palpated where?

A

Over dorsalis pedis, dorsal medial aspect of foot

24
Q

Normal HR for adults and teens?

A

60-100 bpm

40-60 in aerobically trained

25
Q

Normal HR in children?

A

60-140 bpm

26
Q

Normal HR in newborn? What is the average?

A

90-164

Average 127

27
Q

When is compensatory tachycardia seen?

A

Volume loss (surgery, dehydration)

28
Q

What is postural tachycardia syndrome?

A

Sustained HR greater than or equal to 30bpm within the first 10 min of standing
> or = 40 bpm in teens

29
Q

Why might one have a weak thready pulse?

A

Low SV

Cardiogenic shock

30
Q

Why might one have a bounding full pulse?

A

Shortened ventricular systole
Decreased peripheral pressure
Aortic insufficiency

31
Q

Where can you locate the aortic valve for auscultation?

A

2nd right intercostal space at the sternal border

32
Q

Where can you locate the pulmonic valve for auscultation?

A

2nd left intercostal space at the sternal border

33
Q

Where can you locate the tricuspid valve for auscultation?

A

4th left intercostal space at the sternal border

34
Q

Where can you locate the mitral valve for auscultation?

A

5th left intercostal space at midclavicular area

35
Q 
The S1 (lub) sound is normal closure of \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ valve
This marks the beginning of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

It would be decreased in _____________

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid
Systole

First degree heart block

36
Q 
The S2 (dub) sound is the normal closure of the \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ valves.
This marks the end of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Decreased in _________

A

Pulmonary and aortic
Systole

Aortic stenosis

37
Q

Systolic murmurs falls between ____ and _____. May indicate _____ _____ (_________) or may be normal

A

S1 and S2

Valvular disease (mitral valve prolapse)

38
Q

Diastolic murmurs occur between ____ and _____

Usually indicates ________

A

S2 and S1

Valvular disease

39
Q

Grades of heart murmurs range from grade 1 (_____) to grade 6 (_____)

A

Grade 1: softest audible murmur

Grade 6: audible with stethoscope OFF the chest

40
Q

Thrill: an abnormal _______ accompanying a _______ or _______ murmur
Felt on palpation

A

Tremor

Vascular or cardiac

41
Q

Bruit: an ___________ sound or murmur
________ sound of arterial or venous origin
Common in what two arteries?
Indicative of what?

A

Adventitious
Blowing
Femoral and carotid
Atherosclerosis

42
Q

A gallop rhythm is an abnormal heart rhythm with how many sound in each cycle?
Includes ___ and ____

A

3

S3 and S4

43
Q

S3 is associated with _________ ________
Occurs soon after ____
In older individuals, may be indicative of ______ ______ ______ (__)

A

Ventricular filling
S2
CHF (left ventricle)

44
Q

S4 is associated with ______ ____ and _____ _____
Occurs just before ____
This is indicative of pathology including what 4 things?

A

Ventricular filling and Atrial contraction
S1
Coronary heart disease, MI, aortic stenosis, chronic htn

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions