Lab Tests And Values Chart

Question 1

ABGs include what 4 things?

Answer 1

SpO2
PaO2
PaCO2
pH

Question 2

Normal value of SpO2?

Answer 2

98-100%

Question 3

If SaO2 is below ________%, requires supp O2

Answer 3

88-90%

Question 4

Normal value for PaO2?

Answer 4

90-100 mmHg

Question 5

PaO2 is ____ with hyperoxygenation

Answer 5

Increased

Question 6

PaO2 is ____ with cardiac decompensation

Answer 6

Decreased

Question 7

PaO2 is ____ with COPD and some NM disorders

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

Normal value for PaCO2?

Answer 8

35-45 mmHg

Question 9

PaCO2 is ___ in COPD and hypoventilation

Answer 9

Increased

Question 10

PaCO2 is _____ with hyperventilation

Answer 10

Decreased

Question 11

PaCO2 is _______ with pregnancy

Answer 11

Decreased

Question 12

PaCO2 is _______ with PE

Answer 12

Decreased

Question 13

PaCO2 is _______ with anxiety

Answer 13

Decreased

Question 14

Normal pH values?

What is acidic and what is alkalotic?

Answer 14

7.35 - 7.45

< 7.35 is acidic
> 7.45 is alkalotic

Question 15

pH is ______ with respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever

Answer 15

Increased

Question 16

pH is ______ with metabolic alkalosis: vomiting, K+ depletion, diuretics, volume depletion

Answer 16

Increased

Question 17

pH is ______ with respiratory acidosis: hypoventilation, COPD, resp depressants, myasthenia

Answer 17

Decreased

Question 18

pH is ______ with metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate deficit): increased acids (DM, alcohol, starvation), renal failure, increased acid intake, and loss of alkaline body fluids

Answer 18

Decreased

Question 19

What are the components of hemostasis? (4 things)

Answer 19

PT - prothrombin time
PTT- partial thromboplastin time
INR
Bleeding time

Question 20

What is normal PT?

Answer 20

11-15 seconds

Question 21

PT is increased in factor __ deficiency, _______ disease, _______, and hepatitis drugs (________)

Answer 21

Factor x deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Cirrhosis
Warfarin

Question 22

What is normal PTT?

Answer 22

25-40 seconds

Question 23

PTT is increased with factor __, ___, and ___ deficiency

Answer 23

VIII, IX, and X

Question 24

INR is the ratio of individual’s PT to reference range: normal is?

Answer 24

0.9-1.1

Question 25

Pts with DVT, PE, mechanical valves, Afib on anticoagulation therapy will have target INRs of what? Pts with these conditions and/or genetic clotting disorders may have a target INR of what?

Answer 25

2-3 3.5

Question 26

When treating pts when INR is concerned... look for active signs of _______ and use compensatory strategies to reduce ____ _____

Answer 26

Bleeding Fall risk

Question 27

What is normal bleeding time?

Answer 27

2-10 min

Question 28

Bleeding time may be increased in _______ disorders, and ________

Answer 28

Platelet Thrombocytopenia

Question 29

What is normal C-reactive protein?

Answer 29

<10 mg/L

Question 30

Increased levels of C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of ___________ > 100 mg/L is associated with _____ and _______

Answer 30

Atherosclerosis Inflammation and infection

Question 31

What are the components of CBC count? (6)

Answer 31

``` WBC RBC ESR Hit Hgb Platelets ```

Question 32

What is normal WBCs?

Answer 32

4300-10,800 cells/mm3

Question 33

WBC are indicative of status of ______ system _______ with infection: viral, bacterial; inflammation, hematologist malignancy, leukemia, lymphoma, drugs (corticosteroids) ______ in aplastic anemia, B12 or folate deficiency

Answer 33

Immune Increases Decreases

Question 34

With immunosuppresion, there is an _____ risk of infection

Answer 34

Increased

Question 35

PT considerations with WBC: Consider metabolic demands in presence of _____ and use mask when WBCs are < _________, or absolute neurotrophic count (ANC) is < ____________

Answer 35

Fever <1000-2000 <500-1000

Question 36

RBCs: what is the normal for males? | Females?

Answer 36

Males: 4.6-6.2 x10^6 uL Females: 4.2-59 x10^6 uL

Question 37

RBCs is increased with ________

Answer 37

Polycythemia

Question 38

RBCs are decreased with _____

Answer 38

Anemia

Question 39

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): | Normal for males? Females?

Answer 39

Males: <15 mm/hr Females: <20 mm/hr

Question 40

ESR is increased in infection and inflammation: _____ and _____ inflammatory disease, ______, used to monitor effects of treatment Also ____, ____, and _____ _____

Answer 40

Rheumatic and pelvic inflamm disease Osteomyelitis RA, SLE, Hodgkin’s disease

Question 41

Hct is the % of ____ of the whole blood

Answer 41

RBC

Question 42

Hct normal for males? Females?

Answer 42

Males: 45-52% Females: 37-48% (Age dependent)

Question 43

Hct increases with what 3 things? | Decreases with what two things?

Answer 43

Increases with: 1. Erythrocytosis, 2. Dehydration, 3. Shock | Decreases with 1. Severe anemias, 2. Acute hemorrhage

Question 44

PT considerations with Hct | Can cause ____ exercise tolerance and increased _____ and _____

Answer 44

Decreased | Fatigue and tachycardia

Question 45

Normal Hgb in male and female?

Answer 45

Male: 13-18 g/dL Female: 12-16 g/dL

Question 46

Hgb is increased with ______, _____, ______

Answer 46

Polycythemia, dehydration and shock

Question 47

Hgb is decreased with ______, _____ ______, and ____ ______

Answer 47

Anemias Chronic hemorrhage RBC destruction (CA, sickle cell diseases)

Question 48

PT considerations with Hgb?

Answer 48

Can cause decreased exercise tolerance | Increased fatigue and tachycardia

Question 49

What is the normal platelet count?

Answer 49

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

Question 50

Platelet count is increased in chronic _______, and ___________

Answer 50

Leukemia, hemoconcentration

Question 51

Platelet count is decreased with ________, acute __________, aplastic ________, and _____ ______

Answer 51

Thrombocytopenia Acute leukemia Aplastic leukemia CA chemotherapy

Question 52

PT considerations with platelets: increased risk of bleeding with ___ levels so monitor for _____, ______ and other signs of active bleeding

Answer 52

Low Hematuria Pethechiae

Question 53

What level of platelets do you do AROM, ADLs only?

Answer 53

<20,000

Question 54

What level of platelets do you do light exercise only?

Answer 54

20,000 - 30,000

Question 55

What level of platelets are you able to do moderate exercise?

Answer 55

30,000 - 50,000