Lab Tests And Values Chart Flashcards
ABGs include what 4 things?
SpO2
PaO2
PaCO2
pH
Normal value of SpO2?
98-100%
If SaO2 is below ________%, requires supp O2
88-90%
Normal value for PaO2?
90-100 mmHg
PaO2 is ____ with hyperoxygenation
Increased
PaO2 is ____ with cardiac decompensation
Decreased
PaO2 is ____ with COPD and some NM disorders
Decreased
Normal value for PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
PaCO2 is ___ in COPD and hypoventilation
Increased
PaCO2 is _____ with hyperventilation
Decreased
PaCO2 is _______ with pregnancy
Decreased
PaCO2 is _______ with PE
Decreased
PaCO2 is _______ with anxiety
Decreased
Normal pH values?
What is acidic and what is alkalotic?
7.35 - 7.45
< 7.35 is acidic
> 7.45 is alkalotic
pH is ______ with respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever
Increased
pH is ______ with metabolic alkalosis: vomiting, K+ depletion, diuretics, volume depletion
Increased
pH is ______ with respiratory acidosis: hypoventilation, COPD, resp depressants, myasthenia
Decreased
pH is ______ with metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate deficit): increased acids (DM, alcohol, starvation), renal failure, increased acid intake, and loss of alkaline body fluids
Decreased
What are the components of hemostasis? (4 things)
PT - prothrombin time
PTT- partial thromboplastin time
INR
Bleeding time
What is normal PT?
11-15 seconds
PT is increased in factor __ deficiency, _______ disease, _______, and hepatitis drugs (________)
Factor x deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Cirrhosis
Warfarin
What is normal PTT?
25-40 seconds
PTT is increased with factor __, ___, and ___ deficiency
VIII, IX, and X
INR is the ratio of individual’s PT to reference range: normal is?
0.9-1.1
Pts with DVT, PE, mechanical valves, Afib on anticoagulation therapy will have target INRs of what?
Pts with these conditions and/or genetic clotting disorders may have a target INR of what?
2-3
3.5
When treating pts when INR is concerned… look for active signs of _______ and use compensatory strategies to reduce ____ _____
Bleeding
Fall risk
What is normal bleeding time?
2-10 min
Bleeding time may be increased in _______ disorders, and ________
Platelet
Thrombocytopenia
What is normal C-reactive protein?
<10 mg/L
Increased levels of C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of ___________
> 100 mg/L is associated with _____ and _______
Atherosclerosis
Inflammation and infection
What are the components of CBC count? (6)
WBC RBC ESR Hit Hgb Platelets
What is normal WBCs?
4300-10,800 cells/mm3
WBC are indicative of status of ______ system
_______ with infection: viral, bacterial; inflammation, hematologist malignancy, leukemia, lymphoma, drugs (corticosteroids)
______ in aplastic anemia, B12 or folate deficiency
Immune
Increases
Decreases
With immunosuppresion, there is an _____ risk of infection
Increased
PT considerations with WBC:
Consider metabolic demands in presence of _____
and use mask when WBCs are < _________,
or absolute neurotrophic count (ANC) is < ____________
Fever
<1000-2000
<500-1000
RBCs: what is the normal for males?
Females?
Males: 4.6-6.2 x10^6 uL
Females: 4.2-59 x10^6 uL
RBCs is increased with ________
Polycythemia
RBCs are decreased with _____
Anemia
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):
Normal for males? Females?
Males: <15 mm/hr
Females: <20 mm/hr
ESR is increased in infection and inflammation: _____ and _____ inflammatory disease, ______, used to monitor effects of treatment
Also ____, ____, and _____ _____
Rheumatic and pelvic inflamm disease
Osteomyelitis
RA, SLE, Hodgkin’s disease
Hct is the % of ____ of the whole blood
RBC
Hct normal for males? Females?
Males: 45-52%
Females: 37-48%
(Age dependent)
Hct increases with what 3 things?
Decreases with what two things?
Increases with: 1. Erythrocytosis, 2. Dehydration, 3. Shock
Decreases with 1. Severe anemias, 2. Acute hemorrhage
PT considerations with Hct
Can cause ____ exercise tolerance and increased _____ and _____
Decreased
Fatigue and tachycardia
Normal Hgb in male and female?
Male: 13-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
Hgb is increased with ______, _____, ______
Polycythemia, dehydration and shock
Hgb is decreased with ______, _____ ______, and ____ ______
Anemias
Chronic hemorrhage
RBC destruction (CA, sickle cell diseases)
PT considerations with Hgb?
Can cause decreased exercise tolerance
Increased fatigue and tachycardia
What is the normal platelet count?
150,000-450,000 cells/mm3
Platelet count is increased in chronic _______, and ___________
Leukemia, hemoconcentration
Platelet count is decreased with ________, acute __________, aplastic ________, and _____ ______
Thrombocytopenia
Acute leukemia
Aplastic leukemia
CA chemotherapy
PT considerations with platelets: increased risk of bleeding with ___ levels so monitor for _____, ______ and other signs of active bleeding
Low
Hematuria
Pethechiae
What level of platelets do you do AROM, ADLs only?
<20,000
What level of platelets do you do light exercise only?
20,000 - 30,000
What level of platelets are you able to do moderate exercise?
30,000 - 50,000
