Anatomy Flashcards
Right atrium receives blood from ________ circulation, from what two structures?
Systemic
Superior and inferior vena cava
Right ventricle receives blood from _____ _____ and pumps blood via _________ artery to the ______
This is a ____ _____ ______ _____
Right atrium
Pulmonary
Lungs
LOW PRESSURE PULMONARY PUMP
When the blood is in the RA and RV, is it _________
Not oxygenated yet
The left atrium received _______ blood from the lungs and four ________ _____
Oxygenated
Pulmonary veins
The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood via the _____ throughout the entire systemic circulation
This is the _____ ______ ______ ______
Aorta
High pressure systemic pump
Which ventricular walls are thicker and stronger?
Left ventricle — it forms most of the left side and apex of the heart
Valves produce ___ ___ flow
ONE WAY
AV valves include what two valves?
Tricuspid and bicuspid
AV valves prevent backflow of blood into ____ during ventricular systole
Anchored by _____ _______ to papillary muscles
The valves close when ventricular walls ________
Atria
Chordae tendineae
CONTRACT
Which valve is the R heart valve?
TRI-cuspid
tRI-RIght
Which valve is the L heart valve?
Bicuspid (also known as mitral)
Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from ______ and ______ arteries into the ventricles during _______
Aorta
Pulmonary
Diastole
What are the two semilunar valves?
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Which valve prevents right backflow?
Pulmonary valve
Which artery prevents left backflow?
Aortic valve
Systole is the period of ventricular _______
Contraction
End systolic volume (ESV) - define?
What is the mL amount?
Amt of blood in ventricles after SYSTOLE
50 mL
Diastole is the period of ______ ______ and filling of blood
Ventricular relaxation
End diastolic volume (EDV) - define?
Amt in mL?
Amt of blood in ventricles after DIASTOLE
120 mL
Atrial contraction (atrial kick) occurs during the last ______ of ________ and completes ventricular filling. This comprises the last __ to ___% of end diastolic volume
Third
Diastole
20-30%
Blood circulates to the myocardium during ______
Diastole
Right coronary artery (RCA) supplies ______ ______ and most of ______ ______
In most individuals, also supplies what?
RA and most of RV
Inf wall of LV,
AV node and bundle of His
SA node 60 % of time
Which artery supplies the SA node 60% of the time?
Which artery supplies the SA node 40% of the time?
60% - Right coronary artery (RCA)
40% - Left circumflex artery (LCx)
Left coronary artery supplies most of the ____ ventricle
Left
LCA splits into what arteries?
Left anterior descending
Left circumflex
The LAD artery supplies the _____ ventricle and the ______ ______
And in most individuals also supplies what?
Left
Interventricular septum
Inf areas of apex
May also give branches to R ventricle
The LCx supplies blood to the _____ and ______ walls of the left ventricle and portions of the left atrium
Supplies the SA node ____ of the time
Lateral and inferior
40%
The _____ sinus receives venous blood from the heart and empties into the _____ atrium
Coronary
Right
These two things should be in balance in order to maintain a given activity level without ischemia
Myocardial oxygen SUPPLY and DEMAND (MVO2)
Conduction: SA node is located at the junction of _____ ____ ____ and ____ atrium
Superior vena cava
Right
The ____ _____ is the main pacemaker of the heart
It initiates the impulse at a rate of ________ bpm
SA node
60-100
The SA node has ____ and ________ innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
The AV node is located at the junction of the _____ atrium and the _____ ventricle
Has ______ and ______ innervation
Merges with ____ ____ _____
Intrinsic firing rate of _____ bpm
Right Right Sympathetic and parasympathetic Bundle of His 40-60
Purkinje tissue: R and L bundle branches of the AV node are located on either side of the _______ _________
They terminate in _________ ______, which are specialized conducting tissues that are spread throughout the _________
Intrinsic firing rate of ________ bpm
Interventricular septum
Perkinje fibers
Ventricles
20-40 bpm
Intrinsic firing rates:
SA node: _______
AV node: _______
Perkinje fibers: ______
60-100
40-60
20-40
Conduction of a normal heart beat:
Origin is in _____ node
Impulse spreads to both _____, which contract together
Impulse stimulates ____ node, and is transmitted down to ______ __ _____ to the _______ ______
Impulse spreads throughout the ventricles, which contract together (_____ ____)
SA node Atria AV Bundle of his, purkinje fibers Atrial kick
Myocardial metabolism is ________
Aerobic
Stroke volume: define
Normal range in mL?
Amt of blood EJECTED with each myocardial contraction
55-100 mL/beat
Stroke volume is influenced by what three things?
Left ventricular EDV (LVEDV)
Contractility
Afterload
LVEDV is the amount of blood that is …..?
Also known as _______
Left in the ventricle at the end of DIASTOLE
Preload
What is the frank starling law?
The greater the diastolic filling (preload), the greater the quality of blood pumped
Afterload is the force the ____ must generate during _____ to overcome _____ ______ to open the aortic valve
LV
Systole
Aortic pressure
Cardiac output (CO) - define? What is the normal range for an average adult at rest?
The amt of blood D/C from the L or R ventricle per minute
4-5 L/min
How do you determine CO?
SV x HR = CO
Cardiac index is CO divided by ____ ____ _____
Normal range is ______ L/min
Body surface area
2.5-3.5 L/min
LVEDP is the _______ in the LV during ______
Normal range?
Pressure
Diastole
5-12 mmHg
Ejection fraction is the % of blood emptied from the ventricle during _________
A clinically useful measure of _____ function
Systole
LV
How do you calculate EF?
What are the normal EF averages?
SV/LVEDV
> 55%
The lower the EF, the more impaired the ____
LV
Atrial filling pressure is the difference between _______ and ______ pressures
Venous and atrial
Right atrial filling pressure is _____ during strong ventricular contraction and atrial filling is _______
Decreased
Enhanced
RA filling pressure is affected by changes in _______ _______
Decreased during _________
And increases during ______ or _____ ______
Intrathoracic pressure
Inspiration
Coughing or forced expiration
Venous return increases when blood volume _______
Decreases during _______ _______
Expands
Hypovolemic shock
Diastolic filling time _______ with inc heart rate and and with heart disease
Decreases
Myocardial O2 demand (MVO2) represents the energy cost to the ______
Myocardium
MVO2 is clinically measured by the rate pressure product, which is calculated by
HR x SBP
MVO2 will increase with activity and with ____ and/or ___
HR
BP
