Anatomy

Question 1

Right atrium receives blood from ________ circulation, from what two structures?

Answer 1

Systemic

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 2

Right ventricle receives blood from _____ _____ and pumps blood via _________ artery to the ______
This is a ____ _____ ______ _____

Answer 2

Right atrium
Pulmonary
Lungs

LOW PRESSURE PULMONARY PUMP

Question 3

When the blood is in the RA and RV, is it _________

Answer 3

Not oxygenated yet

Question 4

The left atrium received _______ blood from the lungs and four ________ _____

Answer 4

Oxygenated

Pulmonary veins

Question 5

The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood via the _____ throughout the entire systemic circulation
This is the _____ ______ ______ ______

Answer 5

Aorta

High pressure systemic pump

Question 6

Which ventricular walls are thicker and stronger?

Answer 6

Left ventricle — it forms most of the left side and apex of the heart

Question 7

Valves produce ___ ___ flow

Answer 7

ONE WAY

Question 8

AV valves include what two valves?

Answer 8

Tricuspid and bicuspid

Question 9

AV valves prevent backflow of blood into ____ during ventricular systole
Anchored by _____ _______ to papillary muscles

The valves close when ventricular walls ________

Answer 9

Atria
Chordae tendineae

CONTRACT

Question 10

Which valve is the R heart valve?

Answer 10

TRI-cuspid

tRI-RIght

Question 11

Which valve is the L heart valve?

Answer 11

Bicuspid (also known as mitral)

Question 12

Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from ______ and ______ arteries into the ventricles during _______

Answer 12

Aorta
Pulmonary
Diastole

Question 13

What are the two semilunar valves?

Answer 13

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

Question 14

Which valve prevents right backflow?

Answer 14

Pulmonary valve

Question 15

Which artery prevents left backflow?

Answer 15

Aortic valve

Question 16

Systole is the period of ventricular _______

Answer 16

Contraction

Question 17

End systolic volume (ESV) - define?

What is the mL amount?

Answer 17

Amt of blood in ventricles after SYSTOLE

50 mL

Question 18

Diastole is the period of ______ ______ and filling of blood

Answer 18

Ventricular relaxation

Question 19

End diastolic volume (EDV) - define?

Amt in mL?

Answer 19

Amt of blood in ventricles after DIASTOLE

120 mL

Question 20

Atrial contraction (atrial kick) occurs during the last ______ of ________ and completes ventricular filling. This comprises the last __ to ___% of end diastolic volume

Answer 20

Third
Diastole
20-30%

Question 21

Blood circulates to the myocardium during ______

Answer 21

Diastole

Question 22

Right coronary artery (RCA) supplies ______ ______ and most of ______ ______
In most individuals, also supplies what?

Answer 22

RA and most of RV

Inf wall of LV,
AV node and bundle of His
SA node 60 % of time

Question 23

Which artery supplies the SA node 60% of the time?

Which artery supplies the SA node 40% of the time?

Answer 23

60% - Right coronary artery (RCA)

40% - Left circumflex artery (LCx)

Question 24

Left coronary artery supplies most of the ____ ventricle

Answer 24

Left

Question 25

LCA splits into what arteries?

Answer 25

Left anterior descending | Left circumflex

Question 26

The LAD artery supplies the _____ ventricle and the ______ ______ And in most individuals also supplies what?

Answer 26

Left Interventricular septum Inf areas of apex May also give branches to R ventricle

Question 27

The LCx supplies blood to the _____ and ______ walls of the left ventricle and portions of the left atrium Supplies the SA node ____ of the time

Answer 27

Lateral and inferior 40%

Question 28

The _____ sinus receives venous blood from the heart and empties into the _____ atrium

Answer 28

Coronary | Right

Question 29

These two things should be in balance in order to maintain a given activity level without ischemia

Answer 29

Myocardial oxygen SUPPLY and DEMAND (MVO2)

Question 30

Conduction: SA node is located at the junction of _____ ____ ____ and ____ atrium

Answer 30

Superior vena cava | Right

Question 31

The ____ _____ is the main pacemaker of the heart | It initiates the impulse at a rate of ________ bpm

Answer 31

SA node | 60-100

Question 32

The SA node has ____ and ________ innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction

Answer 32

Sympathetic | Parasympathetic

Question 33

The AV node is located at the junction of the _____ atrium and the _____ ventricle Has ______ and ______ innervation Merges with ____ ____ _____ Intrinsic firing rate of _____ bpm

Answer 33

``` Right Right Sympathetic and parasympathetic Bundle of His 40-60 ```

Question 34

Purkinje tissue: R and L bundle branches of the AV node are located on either side of the _______ _________ They terminate in _________ ______, which are specialized conducting tissues that are spread throughout the _________ Intrinsic firing rate of ________ bpm

Answer 34

Interventricular septum Perkinje fibers Ventricles 20-40 bpm

Question 35

Intrinsic firing rates: SA node: _______ AV node: _______ Perkinje fibers: ______

Answer 35

60-100 40-60 20-40

Question 36

Conduction of a normal heart beat: Origin is in _____ node Impulse spreads to both _____, which contract together Impulse stimulates ____ node, and is transmitted down to ______ __ _____ to the _______ ______ Impulse spreads throughout the ventricles, which contract together (_____ ____)

Answer 36

``` SA node Atria AV Bundle of his, purkinje fibers Atrial kick ```

Question 37

Myocardial metabolism is ________

Answer 37

Aerobic

Question 38

Stroke volume: define | Normal range in mL?

Answer 38

Amt of blood EJECTED with each myocardial contraction | 55-100 mL/beat

Question 39

Stroke volume is influenced by what three things?

Answer 39

Left ventricular EDV (LVEDV) Contractility Afterload

Question 40

LVEDV is the amount of blood that is .....? | Also known as _______

Answer 40

Left in the ventricle at the end of DIASTOLE | Preload

Question 41

What is the frank starling law?

Answer 41

The greater the diastolic filling (preload), the greater the quality of blood pumped

Question 42

Afterload is the force the ____ must generate during _____ to overcome _____ ______ to open the aortic valve

Answer 42

LV Systole Aortic pressure

Question 43

``` Cardiac output (CO) - define? What is the normal range for an average adult at rest? ```

Answer 43

The amt of blood D/C from the L or R ventricle per minute | 4-5 L/min

Question 44

How do you determine CO?

Answer 44

SV x HR = CO

Question 45

Cardiac index is CO divided by ____ ____ _____ | Normal range is ______ L/min

Answer 45

Body surface area | 2.5-3.5 L/min

Question 46

LVEDP is the _______ in the LV during ______ | Normal range?

Answer 46

Pressure Diastole 5-12 mmHg

Question 47

Ejection fraction is the % of blood emptied from the ventricle during _________ A clinically useful measure of _____ function

Answer 47

Systole | LV

Question 48

How do you calculate EF? What are the normal EF averages?

Answer 48

SV/LVEDV >55%

Question 49

The lower the EF, the more impaired the ____

Answer 49

LV

Question 50

Atrial filling pressure is the difference between _______ and ______ pressures

Answer 50

Venous and atrial

Question 51

Right atrial filling pressure is _____ during strong ventricular contraction and atrial filling is _______

Answer 51

Decreased | Enhanced

Question 52

RA filling pressure is affected by changes in _______ _______ Decreased during _________ And increases during ______ or _____ ______

Answer 52

Intrathoracic pressure Inspiration Coughing or forced expiration

Question 53

Venous return increases when blood volume _______ | Decreases during _______ _______

Answer 53

Expands | Hypovolemic shock

Question 54

Diastolic filling time _______ with inc heart rate and and with heart disease

Answer 54

Decreases

Question 55

Myocardial O2 demand (MVO2) represents the energy cost to the ______

Answer 55

Myocardium

Question 56

MVO2 is clinically measured by the rate pressure product, which is calculated by

Answer 56

HR x SBP

Question 57

MVO2 will increase with activity and with ____ and/or ___

Answer 57

HR | BP