Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Right atrium receives blood from ________ circulation, from what two structures?

A

Systemic

Superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Right ventricle receives blood from _____ _____ and pumps blood via _________ artery to the ______
This is a ____ _____ ______ _____

A

Right atrium
Pulmonary
Lungs

LOW PRESSURE PULMONARY PUMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When the blood is in the RA and RV, is it _________

A

Not oxygenated yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The left atrium received _______ blood from the lungs and four ________ _____

A

Oxygenated

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood via the _____ throughout the entire systemic circulation
This is the _____ ______ ______ ______

A

Aorta

High pressure systemic pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which ventricular walls are thicker and stronger?

A

Left ventricle — it forms most of the left side and apex of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Valves produce ___ ___ flow

A

ONE WAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AV valves include what two valves?

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AV valves prevent backflow of blood into ____ during ventricular systole
Anchored by _____ _______ to papillary muscles

The valves close when ventricular walls ________

A

Atria
Chordae tendineae

CONTRACT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which valve is the R heart valve?

A

TRI-cuspid

tRI-RIght

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which valve is the L heart valve?

A

Bicuspid (also known as mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from ______ and ______ arteries into the ventricles during _______

A

Aorta
Pulmonary
Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which valve prevents right backflow?

A

Pulmonary valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which artery prevents left backflow?

A

Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Systole is the period of ventricular _______

A

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

End systolic volume (ESV) - define?

What is the mL amount?

A

Amt of blood in ventricles after SYSTOLE

50 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diastole is the period of ______ ______ and filling of blood

A

Ventricular relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

End diastolic volume (EDV) - define?

Amt in mL?

A

Amt of blood in ventricles after DIASTOLE

120 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atrial contraction (atrial kick) occurs during the last ______ of ________ and completes ventricular filling. This comprises the last __ to ___% of end diastolic volume

A

Third
Diastole
20-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood circulates to the myocardium during ______

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Right coronary artery (RCA) supplies ______ ______ and most of ______ ______
In most individuals, also supplies what?

A

RA and most of RV

Inf wall of LV,
AV node and bundle of His
SA node 60 % of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which artery supplies the SA node 60% of the time?

Which artery supplies the SA node 40% of the time?

A

60% - Right coronary artery (RCA)

40% - Left circumflex artery (LCx)

24
Q

Left coronary artery supplies most of the ____ ventricle

A

Left

25
Q

LCA splits into what arteries?

A

Left anterior descending

Left circumflex

26
Q

The LAD artery supplies the _____ ventricle and the ______ ______
And in most individuals also supplies what?

A

Left
Interventricular septum

Inf areas of apex
May also give branches to R ventricle

27
Q

The LCx supplies blood to the _____ and ______ walls of the left ventricle and portions of the left atrium

Supplies the SA node ____ of the time

A

Lateral and inferior

40%

28
Q

The _____ sinus receives venous blood from the heart and empties into the _____ atrium

A

Coronary

Right

29
Q

These two things should be in balance in order to maintain a given activity level without ischemia

A

Myocardial oxygen SUPPLY and DEMAND (MVO2)

30
Q

Conduction: SA node is located at the junction of _____ ____ ____ and ____ atrium

A

Superior vena cava

Right

31
Q

The ____ _____ is the main pacemaker of the heart

It initiates the impulse at a rate of ________ bpm

A

SA node

60-100

32
Q

The SA node has ____ and ________ innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

33
Q

The AV node is located at the junction of the _____ atrium and the _____ ventricle
Has ______ and ______ innervation
Merges with ____ ____ _____
Intrinsic firing rate of _____ bpm

A 
Right
Right
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Bundle of His
40-60
34
Q

Purkinje tissue: R and L bundle branches of the AV node are located on either side of the _______ _________
They terminate in _________ ______, which are specialized conducting tissues that are spread throughout the _________
Intrinsic firing rate of ________ bpm

A

Interventricular septum
Perkinje fibers
Ventricles
20-40 bpm

35
Q

Intrinsic firing rates:
SA node: _______
AV node: _______
Perkinje fibers: ______

A

60-100
40-60
20-40

36
Q

Conduction of a normal heart beat:
Origin is in _____ node
Impulse spreads to both _____, which contract together
Impulse stimulates ____ node, and is transmitted down to ______ __ _____ to the _______ ______
Impulse spreads throughout the ventricles, which contract together (_____ ____)

A 
SA node
Atria
AV
Bundle of his, purkinje fibers
Atrial kick
37
Q

Myocardial metabolism is ________

A

Aerobic

38
Q

Stroke volume: define

Normal range in mL?

A

Amt of blood EJECTED with each myocardial contraction

55-100 mL/beat

39
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by what three things?

A

Left ventricular EDV (LVEDV)
Contractility
Afterload

40
Q

LVEDV is the amount of blood that is …..?

Also known as _______

A

Left in the ventricle at the end of DIASTOLE

Preload

41
Q

What is the frank starling law?

A

The greater the diastolic filling (preload), the greater the quality of blood pumped

42
Q

Afterload is the force the ____ must generate during _____ to overcome _____ ______ to open the aortic valve

A

LV
Systole
Aortic pressure

43
Q 
Cardiac output (CO) - define?
What is the normal range for an average adult at rest?
A

The amt of blood D/C from the L or R ventricle per minute

4-5 L/min

44
Q

How do you determine CO?

A

SV x HR = CO

45
Q

Cardiac index is CO divided by ____ ____ _____

Normal range is ______ L/min

A

Body surface area

2.5-3.5 L/min

46
Q

LVEDP is the _______ in the LV during ______

Normal range?

A

Pressure
Diastole
5-12 mmHg

47
Q

Ejection fraction is the % of blood emptied from the ventricle during _________
A clinically useful measure of _____ function

A

Systole

LV

48
Q

How do you calculate EF?

What are the normal EF averages?

A

SV/LVEDV

> 55%

49
Q

The lower the EF, the more impaired the ____

A

LV

50
Q

Atrial filling pressure is the difference between _______ and ______ pressures

A

Venous and atrial

51
Q

Right atrial filling pressure is _____ during strong ventricular contraction and atrial filling is _______

A

Decreased

Enhanced

52
Q

RA filling pressure is affected by changes in _______ _______
Decreased during _________
And increases during ______ or _____ ______

A

Intrathoracic pressure
Inspiration
Coughing or forced expiration

53
Q

Venous return increases when blood volume _______

Decreases during _______ _______

A

Expands

Hypovolemic shock

54
Q

Diastolic filling time _______ with inc heart rate and and with heart disease

A

Decreases

55
Q

Myocardial O2 demand (MVO2) represents the energy cost to the ______

A

Myocardium

56
Q

MVO2 is clinically measured by the rate pressure product, which is calculated by

A

HR x SBP

57
Q

MVO2 will increase with activity and with ____ and/or ___

A

HR

BP

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions