BP, Respiration, O2 Sat, Pain Flashcards
Brachial BP is measured in ____ arm
It is recommended that at least ___ BP readings be taken at 1 min interval and values averages
Right
2
Medications are Rx for stage I hypertension under what conditions?
If a pt has already had a heart attack or stroke or is at high risk of heart attack or stroke in the presence of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or atherosclerotic risk
Individuals WITHOUT high risk are advised to do what ?
IMPROVE LIFESTYLE
Lose weight, eat healthy, exercise more, limit alcohol, avoid smoking
Risk factors for high BP include ______ ___ and _____ ____
Socioeconomic status
Psychosocial stress
Hypotension is not adequate for normal perfusion/oxygenation of tissues
May be related to _____ ____, ______, ________, ____________, or ____
Bed rest Drugs Arrhythmias Blood loss/shock MI
Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in BP that accompanies change from supine to standing position:
Initial BP and HR assessment when patient supine, at rest for ___ minutes
Pt moves directly to standing position and repeat BP and HR assessment ______ and again at ______ minutes
> or = 5 minutes
Immediately, 3 minutes
Normal BP:
<120/<80
Elevated BP:
120-129 AND <80
Stage 1 BP:
130-139 OR 80-89
Stage 2 BP:
At least 140 or at least 90
Hypertensive crisis:
> 180 and/or >120
BP for neonate:
67-84 / 35-53
BP for preschooler (3-5):
89-112/46-72
BP for pre-adolescent (10-11):
102-120/61-80
BP for adolescent (12-15):
110-131/64-83
A patient is orthostatic if the SBP drops _______ or if the DBP drops _______
> 20 mmHg
>10 mmHg
After age ___ for pediatrics, levels defining high BP are the same as for adults
13
Mean arterial pressure is the arterial pressure within the ____ arteries over time
Dependent upon mean ____ _____ and _____ ______
Large
Blood flow and arterial compliance
How is MAP calculated?
SBP + 2(DBP). Then divide by 3
What is normal MAP?
70-110 mmHg
Normal RR for adults?
12-20
Normal RR for children
20-30
Tachypnea: increase in ____ breaths per min
> or = 22
Bradypnea: a decrease of RR < or = ___ breaths per min
10
Hyperpnea: an increase in ____ and ____ of breathing
Depth and rate
Dsypnea is ________
SOB
DOE: brought on by ____ or _____
Exertion or activity
Orthopnea: inability to breathe when in a ______ or _____ position
Reclining or supine
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND): is a sudden inability to breath occurring during ______
Sleep
Crackles (rales): ______, _____ sounds; may be due to ______ in lungs
Rattling, bubbling
SECRETIONS
Wheezes (rhonchi): _____ sounds
Whistling
Pulse ox measures the degree of saturation of ________ with _____
What are normal values?
Provides an estimate of _____
Hemoglobin with oxygen
(SaO2)
95-100% O2
PaO2 (partial pressure of O2)
Hypoxemia: abn low amount of O2 in blood (sat levels below ____% which corresponds to a PaO2 of ___ mmHg)
90%
60
Hypoxia is low Ox level in the ______
Tissues
Ischemic cardiac pain (angina or MI): diffuse, retro sternal pain; or a sensation of ______, ______ in chest
Associated with dyspnea, sweating, indigestion, dizziness, syncope, anxiety
Tightness, achiness
What symptoms of angina are more common in women?
Indigestion/Gas like pain Dizzy/nausea Unexplained weakness or fatigue Discomfort or pain btw the shoulder blades Recurring chest discomfort Sense of impending doom
Cardiac pain can refer to what 5 places?
Shoulders, back, arm, neck, jaw
Pain referred to the back can occur from dissecting _____ _____
Aortic aneurysm
Angina scale: 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
1+ = light, barely noticeable 2+ = moderate, bothersome 3+ = severe, very uncomfortable 4+ = most severe pain ever experienced
