Heart Rhythm Flashcards
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at P wave?
Atrial depolarization
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at P-R interval?
Time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to purkinje fibers
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at QRS wave?
Ventricular DEpolarization
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at ST segment?
Beginning of ventricular REpolarization
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
Normal cardiac cycle (NSR):
What happens at QT interval?
Time for electrical systole
How would you calculate HR on the ECG?
Number of intervals between QRS complex’s in a 6 second strop and multiply by 10
What are some etiologic factors of arrythmias? (8)
Ischemic conditions of the myocardium Electrolyte imbalance Acidosis or alkalosis Hypoxemia HyPOtension Emotional stress Drugs Alcohol Caffeine
Ventricular arrhythmias: originate from _____ _____ in the ventricles (outside of normal condition system)
Ectopic focus
Ventricular arrhythmias: significant in adversely affecting ____ ____
Cardiac output
Ventricular arrhythmias: include ____ _____ _____: which are a premature beat arising from the ventricles
Premature ventricle contraction (PVCs)
PVCs on ECG look like what?
NO P WAVE
Bizarre and wide QRS that is premature
Followed by long compensatory pause
Serious PVCs are defined as > ___ per minute
6
Ventricular tachycadia (VT): a run of ____ or more PVC occurring sequentially; with a very paid rate ____-_____ bpm
3
150-200
V Tach: usually the result of an ______ ventricle
Ischemic
On ECG, V tach looks like what?
Wide bizarre QRS waves, no P waves
Seriously compromised cardiac output
What is non sustained v tach? (NSVT)?
3 or more consecutive beats in duration
Terminating spontaneously in less than 30 seconds
What is VT (sustained v tach)?
VT > 30 seconds in duration and/or requiring termination due to hemodynamic compromise in less than 30 seconds
Ventricular fibrillation (VF): a \_\_\_\_\_\_, emergency situation requiring EMS CPR needed, defibrillation, medications
PULSELESS
Vfib is characterized by chaotic activity of ventricle originating from _____ ______
Unable to determine _____
Multiple foci
Rate
On ECG, V fib looks like
Bizarre, erratic activity WITHOUT QRS complex
Vfib has no effective _____ _____. Clinical death within _____ minutes
Cardiac output
4-6 minutes
Atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular): _____ and ______ firing of one or more ectopic focus in the _____ (outside the sinus node)
Rapid and repetitive
Atria
Atrial arrhythmias: on ECG, ______ are abnormal or not identifiable (Afib)
P waves
