PVD Flashcards
What are the three predisposing factors for thrombosis formation
venous stasis
damaged endothelium
blood hypercoagulability
What are some causes of endothelium that can increase risk for clots
some form of trauma like caustic solutions in IV’s, diabetes pooliing, burns and fracture
What are some causes of hypercoagulability
Hematologic disorders, anemia, some cancers, etc.
Pregnant and postpartum and estrogen contraceptives
What do we do for superficial thrombophlebitis
Elevate, warm moist heat If IV, remove ASAP If lower extremity – TED hose ASA, NSAIDs Emboli are rare
Where is superficial thrombphleb most likely
superficial veins
What are some manifestations of DVT
Retrograde flow, persistent edema, ↑ pigmentation, varicosities, ulcers & cyanosis in dependent position
burning pain
If the DVT has caused a pulm Emb what should you do
↑ HOB
Oxygen
Notify physician and stay with your patient
What is some collaborative care for DVT
If at risk, early ambulation
If bed rest, change positions, dorsiflexion & rotate ankles Q2
If ambulatory, OutOfBed X 3 daily with meals in chair
TED hose (measure and apply correctly)
Intermittent compression devices (ICD) – various cuffs with intermittent pressure – NOT IF ALREADY HAS A CLOT
Could facilitate the release of a clot causing a PE
May be used with anti-coagulant therapy
What are some preventative care for DVT
stay hydrated anticoag stay mobile, prologned standing is bad though dont overdue Vit K foods avoid crossing legs too much
What should we be watching for after starting someone on anticoag
bleeding like in the stool urine injection site
What are some causes of Chronic venous insuff
Vein incompetence, DVT, valve incompetence
What is a long term complicaiton of chronic venous insuff
edema from increased fluid back up pruritis from the edema darkening skin to a leathery brown increased fibrousness of the skin so prone to break down\ ulcers
What is the care for chronic venous insuff
compression stocking topical zinc for pruritis adequate nutrition A and C keeping comorbidities in check lose weight
What is the teaching for chronic venous insuff
avoid limb trauma skin care fit and replace comp stocking q6 months stay active elevate legs above heart to return blood
