Heart Failure Flashcards
What are some things that cause feedback mechanisms for the heart to beat faster
anemia
inf
Pulmonary disease
Hypervolemia
How does HTN cause systolic L sided heart failure
the ventricle hypertrophies cause it to need more O2 and the increased pressure from the HTN sqeezes the coronary vessels making them smaller so overall less O2 gets to the ventricular mus causing it to contract weakly
What are some causes of L sided systolic HF
Ischemic attacks- from MI and CAD
longstanding HTN
dilated cardiomyopathy
What are the causes of diastolic L sided HF
long standing HTN
aortic stenosis
hypertrophic cardiomyo
What cause R sided HF
Cor pulmonale from COPD
MI
left sided HF
When you have an acute decompensating HF, the following symptoms you’ll see are
pulmonary edema causing Increase in the respiratory rate and Decrease in PaO2
then later Tachypnea and Respiratory acidemia from inabiliy to get rid of CO2
What are the early signs of HF
dry cough before a productive cough
fatigue
What symptom of weight can indicate heart F exacerbation
weight gain in a rapid time like lbs within days
What is an intervention to tell the patient for monitoring their HF
monitor weight
What are some fluid symptoms for HF
nocturia bec of dependent fluid coming back into circulation
moist and clammy skin from fluid back up
What are some skin manifestations from HF
moist and clammy skin from fluid back up
shinny and hairless extremeties from lack of perfusion
What is the most common dysrythmias that are caused by HF
Atrial Fib
What are some meds we start when an A fib starts during HF
coumadine and dysrythmias
How do we test for the ejection fraction
use a swans gans catheter
When treating pulm edema, how do we know the int was effective
less crackles
If we are treating for decreased tissue perfusion how do we know it was effective
signs of proper organ and tissue function are evident like increased urinary output
What is a risk for patients taking a non-potassium sparing diuretic and digoxin
if they get hypokalemia then dig toxicity is more likely
What should we teach the patient early on in their diagnosis of HF with musculoskeletal
strengthen upper body bec they will be wheel chair bound later
When getting blood culture for endocarditis what is a requirement
getting blood bilaterally
Why is the first 3-4 days after an MI
we don’t have a baseline until about then
In the first 24 after MI what happens
leukocytes come in and release enzyme
