Post Operative respiratory complications Flashcards
What are some causes of airway obstruction
tongue falling back
Retained thick secretions
Laryngospasms
Laryngeal edema
What manifestations does tongue falling back causes
use of accessory muscles
snoring
decreased air movement
What are some interventions for tongue falling back
patient stimulation
head tilt jaw thrust
artificial airway
What are some manifestations of retained thick secretions
noisy respirations
coarse crackles
What are some interventions for retained thick secretions
suctioning
deep breathing and coughing
IV hydration
Chest PT
What are some manifestations of laryngospasms
Inspiratory stridor (crowing respirations) Sternal retraction Acute respiratory distress
What are some interventions for laryngospasms
O2 therapy PPVentilation IV muscle relaxants lidocaine corticosteroids
What are manifestations of laryngeal edema
Inspiratory stridor (crowing respirations) Sternal retraction Acute respiratory distress
What are some interventions for laryngeal edema
O2 therapy • Antihistamines • Corticosteroids • Sedatives • Possible intubation
What are some causes of hypoxemia
atelectasis pilmonary edema pilmonary embolism aspirations bronchospasms
What are signs of atelectasis
↓ Breath sounds
↓ O2 saturation
What are some interventions for atelectasis
Humidified O2 therapy
• Deep breathing
• Incentive spirometry
• Early mobilization
What are signs of pulmonary edema
↓ O2 saturation
Crackles
Infiltrates on chest xray
What are interventions for pulmonary edema
- O2 therapy
- Diuretics
- Fluid restriction
What are signs of pulmonary embolisms
Acute tachypnea Dyspnea Tachycardia Hypotension ↓ O2 saturation Bronchospasm
what are interventions of pulm embolism
- O2 therapy
- Cardiopulmonary support
- Anticoagulant therapy
What are signs of aspirations
Unexplained tachypnea Bronchospasm ↓ O2 saturation Atelectasis Interstitial edema Alveolar hemorrhage Respiratory failure
What are interventions for aspirations
- O2 therapy
- Cardiopulmonary support
- Antibiotics
What are signs of bronchospasms
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
↓ O2 saturation
What are interventions for bronchospasms
- O2 therapy
* Bronchodilators
What are causes of hypoventilation
depression of central resp drive
poor resp muscle tone
mechanical restriction
pain
What are signs of depressed central resp drive
Shallow respirations ↓ Respiratory rate, apnea ↓ PaO2 ↑ PaCO2 • Initiate capnography or other technology supported respiratory monitoring • Stimulation • Reversal of opioids or benzodiazepines • Mechanical ventilation Poor respiratory muscle tone Neuromuscular blockade Neuromuscular disease As above
What are interventions for depressed resp drive
• Initiate capnography or other technology supported respiratory monitoring • Stimulation • Reversal of opioids or benzodiazepines • Mechanical ventilWation
What are signs of resp mus tone
• Initiate capnography or other technology supported respiratory monitoring • Stimulation • Reversal of opioids or benzodiazepines • Mechanical ventilWation
what are intervention for poor resp mus tone
- Reversal of paralysis
* Mechanical ventilation
What are sign mechanical restriction
Shallow respirations ↓ Respiratory rate, apnea ↓ PaO2 ↑ PaCO2
What are intervention for mechanical restriction s
Elevate head of bed
• Repositioning
• Loosen dressings
what are signs of pain
↑ Respiratory rate Hypotension Hypertension ↓ PaCO2 ↓ PaO2 Complaints of pain Guarding behavior