puzzle nutrition Flashcards
essential unsaturated fatty acids that can be good for your mood
o m e g a - 3
helps with blood clotting process
vitamin K
sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in the body
METABOLISM
amount of heat it takes to raise 1 kg (1000 g) of water by 1 °C
KILOCALORIE
inorganic compounds required by the body to ensure proper function of the body
MINERALS
vitamin that may cause bone damage when in excess
VITAMIN A
biochemical pathway that transforms acetyl CoA in ketone bodies
ketogenesis
dense lipoproteins that transport the extra cholesterol back to the liver
HDL
starting molecule of the Krebs cycle
acetyl-coA
process of glucose synthesis from pyruvate or other molecules
GLUCONEOGENESIS
also called the fed state; the body is digesting food and absorbing the nutrients
ABSORPTIVE STATE
process that converts high-energy molecules into ATP
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids
LIPOLYSIS
macronutrient that cannot be stored
PROTEIN
also called the fasting state; when the body must rely on stored glycogen
post-absorptive state
vitamin that helps with eyesight
vitamin A
reactions that build smaller molecules into larger molecules
anabolic reactions*
form that glucose takes when it is stored in human body
glycogen
synthesis of lipids that occurs in the liver or adipose tissues
lipogenesis
second step of cellular respiration
KREBS CYCLE
they mostly work as coenzymes
VITAMINS B
lipids, or fats, consisting of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone
triglycerides
three-carbon end product of glycolysis; converted into acetyl CoA
pyruvate
lipid essential for vitamin D synthesis
CHOLESTEROL
organic compounds required by the body to perform biochemical reactions like metabolism and bone, cell, and tissue growth
VITAMINS
disorder caused by iodine deficiency
GOITER
lipoproteins that transport lipids out of the intestinal cells and into the lymphatic and circulatory systems
CHYLOMICRONS
deficit causes rickets
vitamin D
blood glucose level, measured in mmol/L
glycemia
blood glucose level above the normal range
hyperglycemia
metabolic pathway used to produce energy when oxygen is missing
ANAEROBIC respiration
series of metabolic reactions that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
breakdown of fatty acids into smaller chain fatty acids and acetyl CoA
FATTY ACID OXIDATION
promotes iron absorption
VITAMIN C
alternative source of energy when glucose is limited, created when too much acetyl CoA during fatty acid oxidation is created
KETONE BODIES
lipoproteins that transport cholesterol from the liver to body cells
LDL
blood glucose level below the normal range
hypoglycemia
fatty acid oxidation
BETA-OXIDATION
production of ATP via glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
cellular respiration
reactions that break down larger molecules into their constituent parts
cataLYTIC reactions
process that converts potentially toxic ammonia waste into urea
UREA CYCLE
biochemical reactions that break down glycogen
GLYCOGENOLYSIS
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the uptake of glucose into the cells
insulin
carbohydrates that the body cannot digest
FIBERS
amount of energy expended by the body at rest
bmr
process of regulating the temperature of the body
thermoregulation
acidification of blood due to the accumulation of CO2 and ketone bodies
KETOacidosis
relative amount of body weight compared to the overall height
BODY MASS INDEX
