PPT 1 EXAM 3: heart anatomy

Question 1

how many chambers does the heart have? categorized into what & what are they called?

where do coronary arteries merge from?
coronary veins are connected to what?

Answer 1

• 4 chambers
  receiving chambers: left and right atria
  pumping chambers: left and right ventricle

coronary arteries merge from: aorta
coronary veins are connected to: right atrium

Question 2

describe pulmonary and systemic circuit, and differentiate them

Answer 2

1) pulmonary circuit:
- to and from the lungs
- picks up oxygen and releases CO2

2) systemic circuit:
- to and from the body
- delivers oxygenated blood and brings back deoxygenated blood

Question 3

what is a heartbeat? include valves in your answer

Answer 3

• a heartbeat is a sound caused by valves closing
  2 sounds:
  1) LUB (or S1): tricuspid and biscupid valve
  2) DUB (or S2): aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves

Question 4

what is a heart murmur?

Answer 4

• atrioventricular? valves problem: they don’t close fully causing a muffling sound (turbulent flow)
• blood flows back
• can be benign or critical

Question 5

define right atrium: (also called right auricle)
2 things

Answer 5

• blood enters this chamber via the superior and inferior venae cavae
  -this chamber pumps blood into the right ventricle

Question 6

define right ventricle:

Answer 6

receives blood from the right atrium and then pumps it through the pulmonray artery to the lungs to be oxygenated

Question 7

define left atrium (also called left autricle)

Answer 7

• blood enters this chamber via the right and left pulmonary veins
• this chamber then pumps blood into the left ventricle

Question 8

define left ventricle:

Answer 8

a chamber that receives blood from the left atrium, and then pumps it through the aorta to the superior and inferior systemic circulations

Question 9

define superior vena cava:

Answer 9

deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the shoulders and head via this vein

Question 10

define inferior vena cava:

Answer 10

deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from all body regions inferior to the shoulders via this vein

Question 11

define the aorta: 2 things

Answer 11

• largest blood vessel/artery leaving the left ventricle and emerging at the superior right side of the herat (frontal view).
• it returns deoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation

Question 12

define the brachiocephalic artery: 2 things

Answer 12

• first vessel branching from the arch of the aorta (anterior side)
• it later branches into smaller arteries that transport oxygenated blood to the right arm, head and neck

Question 13

define