puzzle digestion Flashcards
sphincter that regulates food entering the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
storehouse for bacterial flora
appendix
secretion of the pancreas containing digetsive enzymes and bicarbonate
pancreatic juice
transmembrane protein with a hollow center allowing the passage of one or more substances
channel protein
part of the colon between the ascending colon and the descending colon
transverse colon
import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
endocytosis
describes a solution concentration that is lower than a reference concentration
hypotonic
main bile pigment, which is responsible for the brown color of feces
bilirubin
soupy liquid that exits the stomach
CHYME
form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy
active transport
mass of chewed food mixed with saliva
BOLUS
chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across membrane
osmosis
difference in concentration of a substance between 2 regions
concentration gradient
sphincter that controls stomach emptying
pyloric sphincter
diffusion of a substance with the help of a transmembrane protein
facilitated diffusion
stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
jejunum
describes a solution concentration that is the same as a reference concentration
isotonic
digestive enzyme in saliva that acts on starch
salivary amylase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas that participates in lipid digestion
pancreatic lipase
endocytosis of large particles
phagocytosis
*gastric gland cell that secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)
PARIETAL CELL
describes a substance repelled by water
hydrophobic
*small projection of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the small intestinal (singular)
MICROVILLUS
muscular contractions that propel food through the GI tract
peristalsis
largest gland in the body; it produces bile
liver
membrane-bound structure that helps
during endocytosis and exocytosis
vesicle
alternating contractions in the intestine
that mix food
SEGMENTATION
enzyme that breaks down sucrose into
glucose and fructose
SUCRASE
end of the small intestine between the
jejunum and the large intestine
ileum
tiny lipid-transport compound composed of
bile salts and lipids
MICELLE
describes a substance attracted to water
hydrophilic
enzyme that breaks down lactose into
glucose and galactose
LACTASE
accessory digestive organ that secretes
pancreatic juice
PANCREAS
digestive acid secreted in the stomach
HYDROCHOLRIC ACID
endocytosis that requires receptors to be
displayed on the cell membrane surface
receptor-mediated endocytosis
first region of the colon
ASCENDING COLON
form of transport across the cell membrane
that does not require input of cellular energy
passive transport
one of a pair of major salivary glands located
beneath the tongue
SUBLINGUAL GLAND
task of digestion, when the nutrients finally
enter the body
ABSORPTION
endocytosis of fluid
pinocytosis
last part of the large intestine
RECTUM
lymphatic capillary in the villi
LACTEAL
voluntary process of swallowing and the
involuntary process of peristalsis
propulsion
one of a pair of major salivary glands located
inferior and anterior to the ears
PAROTID GLAND
enzyme secreted by the pancreas digests
carbohydrates in the small intestine
PANCREATIC AMYLASE
muscular tube that runs from the pharynx to
the stomach
ESOPHAGUS
enzymatic breakdown of food
chemical digestion
projection of the mucosa of the small
intestine (singular)
VILLUS
inactive form of pepsin
pepsinogen
one of a pair of major salivary glands located
in the floor of the mouth
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
first part of the small intestine, which starts
at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the
jejunum
DUODENUM
enzyme that breaks down maltose into two
molecules of glucose
MALTASE
semisolid waste product of digestion
FECES
digestive enzyme in the mouth that acts on
triglycerides
LINGUAL LIPASE
export of a substance out of a cell by
formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
exocytosis
movement of a substance from an area of
higher concentration to one of lower
concentration
DIFFUSION
mouth
ORAL CAVITY
elimination of undigested substances in the
form of feces
DEFECATION
describes a solution concentration that is
higher than a reference concentration
hypertonic
fuzzy appearance of the small intestinal
mucosa created by microvilli
BRUSH BORDER
swallowing
DEGLUTITION
many amino acids assembled together, but
not a protein yet
polypepide
gastric gland cell that secretes pepsinogen
CHIEF CELL
alkaline solution produced by the liver and
important for the emulsification of lipids
BILE
taking food into the GI tract through the
mouth
INGESTION
