puzzle digestion

Question 1

sphincter that regulates food entering the stomach

Answer 1

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 2

storehouse for bacterial flora

Answer 2

appendix

Question 3

secretion of the pancreas containing digetsive enzymes and bicarbonate

Answer 3

pancreatic juice

Question 4

transmembrane protein with a hollow center allowing the passage of one or more substances

Answer 4

channel protein

Question 5

part of the colon between the ascending colon and the descending colon

Answer 5

transverse colon

Question 6

import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

Answer 6

endocytosis

Question 7

describes a solution concentration that is lower than a reference concentration

Answer 7

hypotonic

Question 8

main bile pigment, which is responsible for the brown color of feces

Answer 8

bilirubin

Question 9

soupy liquid that exits the stomach

Answer 9

CHYME

Question 10

form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

mass of chewed food mixed with saliva

Answer 11

BOLUS

Question 12

chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion

Answer 12

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

Question 13

diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across membrane

Answer 13

osmosis

Question 14

difference in concentration of a substance between 2 regions

Answer 14

concentration gradient

Question 15

sphincter that controls stomach emptying

Answer 15

pyloric sphincter

Question 16

diffusion of a substance with the help of a transmembrane protein

Answer 16

facilitated diffusion

Question 17

stores and concentrates bile

Answer 17

gallbladder

Question 18

middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

Answer 18

jejunum

Question 19

describes a solution concentration that is the same as a reference concentration

Answer 19

isotonic

Question 20

digestive enzyme in saliva that acts on starch

Answer 20

salivary amylase

Question 21

enzyme secreted by the pancreas that participates in lipid digestion

Answer 21

pancreatic lipase

Question 22

endocytosis of large particles

Answer 22

phagocytosis

Question 23

*gastric gland cell that secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer 23

PARIETAL CELL

Question 24

describes a substance repelled by water

Answer 24

hydrophobic

Question 25

*small projection of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the small intestinal (singular)

Answer 25

MICROVILLUS

Question 26

muscular contractions that propel food through the GI tract

Answer 26

peristalsis

Question 27

largest gland in the body; it produces bile

Answer 27

liver

Question 28

membrane-bound structure that helps during endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 28

vesicle

Question 29

alternating contractions in the intestine that mix food

Answer 29

SEGMENTATION

Question 30

enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Answer 30

SUCRASE

Question 31

end of the small intestine between the jejunum and the large intestine

Answer 31

ileum

Question 32

tiny lipid-transport compound composed of bile salts and lipids

Answer 32

MICELLE

Question 33

describes a substance attracted to water

Answer 33

hydrophilic

Question 34

enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Answer 34

LACTASE

Question 35

accessory digestive organ that secretes pancreatic juice

Answer 35

PANCREAS

Question 36

digestive acid secreted in the stomach

Answer 36

HYDROCHOLRIC ACID

Question 37

endocytosis that requires receptors to be displayed on the cell membrane surface

Answer 37

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 38

first region of the colon

Answer 38

ASCENDING COLON

Question 39

form of transport across the cell membrane that does not require input of cellular energy

Answer 39

passive transport

Question 40

one of a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the tongue

Answer 40

SUBLINGUAL GLAND

Question 41

task of digestion, when the nutrients finally enter the body

Answer 41

ABSORPTION

Question 42

endocytosis of fluid

Answer 42

pinocytosis

Question 43

last part of the large intestine

Answer 43

RECTUM

Question 44

lymphatic capillary in the villi

Answer 44

LACTEAL

Question 45

voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis

Answer 45

propulsion

Question 46

one of a pair of major salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears

Answer 46

PAROTID GLAND

Question 47

enzyme secreted by the pancreas digests carbohydrates in the small intestine

Answer 47

PANCREATIC AMYLASE

Question 48

muscular tube that runs from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 48

ESOPHAGUS

Question 49

enzymatic breakdown of food

Answer 49

chemical digestion

Question 50

projection of the mucosa of the small intestine (singular)

Answer 50

VILLUS

Question 51

inactive form of pepsin

Answer 51

pepsinogen

Question 52

one of a pair of major salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth

Answer 52

SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

Question 53

first part of the small intestine, which starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the jejunum

Answer 53

DUODENUM

Question 54

enzyme that breaks down maltose into two molecules of glucose

Answer 54

MALTASE

Question 55

semisolid waste product of digestion

Answer 55

FECES

Question 56

digestive enzyme in the mouth that acts on triglycerides

Answer 56

LINGUAL LIPASE

Question 57

export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

Answer 57

exocytosis

Question 58

movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Answer 58

DIFFUSION

Question 59

mouth

Answer 59

ORAL CAVITY

Question 60

elimination of undigested substances in the form of feces

Answer 60

DEFECATION

Question 61

describes a solution concentration that is higher than a reference concentration

Answer 61

hypertonic

Question 62

fuzzy appearance of the small intestinal mucosa created by microvilli

Answer 62

BRUSH BORDER

Question 63

swallowing

Answer 63

DEGLUTITION

Question 64

many amino acids assembled together, but not a protein yet

Answer 64

polypepide

Question 65

gastric gland cell that secretes pepsinogen

Answer 65

CHIEF CELL

Question 66

alkaline solution produced by the liver and important for the emulsification of lipids

Answer 66

BILE

Question 67

taking food into the GI tract through the mouth

Answer 67

INGESTION