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HUMAN BIO > puzzle digestion > Flashcards

puzzle digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

sphincter that regulates food entering the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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2
Q

storehouse for bacterial flora

A

appendix

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3
Q

secretion of the pancreas containing digetsive enzymes and bicarbonate

A

pancreatic juice

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4
Q

transmembrane protein with a hollow center allowing the passage of one or more substances

A

channel protein

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5
Q

part of the colon between the ascending colon and the descending colon

A

transverse colon

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6
Q

import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

A

endocytosis

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7
Q

describes a solution concentration that is lower than a reference concentration

A

hypotonic

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8
Q

main bile pigment, which is responsible for the brown color of feces

A

bilirubin

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9
Q

soupy liquid that exits the stomach

A

CHYME

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10
Q

form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy

A

active transport

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11
Q

mass of chewed food mixed with saliva

A

BOLUS

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12
Q

chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion

A

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

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13
Q

diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across membrane

A

osmosis

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14
Q

difference in concentration of a substance between 2 regions

A

concentration gradient

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15
Q

sphincter that controls stomach emptying

A

pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

diffusion of a substance with the help of a transmembrane protein

A

facilitated diffusion

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17
Q

stores and concentrates bile

A

gallbladder

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18
Q

middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

A

jejunum

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19
Q

describes a solution concentration that is the same as a reference concentration

A

isotonic

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20
Q

digestive enzyme in saliva that acts on starch

A

salivary amylase

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21
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas that participates in lipid digestion

A

pancreatic lipase

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22
Q

endocytosis of large particles

A

phagocytosis

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23
Q

*gastric gland cell that secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)

A

PARIETAL CELL

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24
Q

describes a substance repelled by water

A

hydrophobic

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25
Q

*small projection of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the small intestinal (singular)

A

MICROVILLUS

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26
Q

muscular contractions that propel food through the GI tract

A

peristalsis

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27
Q

largest gland in the body; it produces bile

A

liver

28
Q

membrane-bound structure that helps
during endocytosis and exocytosis

A

vesicle

29
Q

alternating contractions in the intestine
that mix food

A

SEGMENTATION

30
Q

enzyme that breaks down sucrose into
glucose and fructose

A

SUCRASE

31
Q

end of the small intestine between the
jejunum and the large intestine

A

ileum

32
Q

tiny lipid-transport compound composed of
bile salts and lipids

A

MICELLE

33
Q

describes a substance attracted to water

A

hydrophilic

34
Q

enzyme that breaks down lactose into
glucose and galactose

A

LACTASE

35
Q

accessory digestive organ that secretes
pancreatic juice

A

PANCREAS

36
Q

digestive acid secreted in the stomach

A

HYDROCHOLRIC ACID

37
Q

endocytosis that requires receptors to be
displayed on the cell membrane surface

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

38
Q

first region of the colon

A

ASCENDING COLON

39
Q

form of transport across the cell membrane
that does not require input of cellular energy

A

passive transport

40
Q

one of a pair of major salivary glands located
beneath the tongue

A

SUBLINGUAL GLAND

41
Q

task of digestion, when the nutrients finally
enter the body

A

ABSORPTION

42
Q

endocytosis of fluid

A

pinocytosis

43
Q

last part of the large intestine

A

RECTUM

44
Q

lymphatic capillary in the villi

A

LACTEAL

45
Q

voluntary process of swallowing and the
involuntary process of peristalsis

A

propulsion

46
Q

one of a pair of major salivary glands located
inferior and anterior to the ears

A

PAROTID GLAND

47
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas digests
carbohydrates in the small intestine

A

PANCREATIC AMYLASE

48
Q

muscular tube that runs from the pharynx to
the stomach

A

ESOPHAGUS

49
Q

enzymatic breakdown of food

A

chemical digestion

50
Q

projection of the mucosa of the small
intestine (singular)

A

VILLUS

51
Q

inactive form of pepsin

A

pepsinogen

52
Q

one of a pair of major salivary glands located
in the floor of the mouth

A

SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

53
Q

first part of the small intestine, which starts
at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the
jejunum

A

DUODENUM

54
Q

enzyme that breaks down maltose into two
molecules of glucose

A

MALTASE

55
Q

semisolid waste product of digestion

A

FECES

56
Q

digestive enzyme in the mouth that acts on
triglycerides

A

LINGUAL LIPASE

57
Q

export of a substance out of a cell by
formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

A

exocytosis

58
Q

movement of a substance from an area of
higher concentration to one of lower
concentration

A

DIFFUSION

59
Q

mouth

A

ORAL CAVITY

60
Q

elimination of undigested substances in the
form of feces

A

DEFECATION

61
Q

describes a solution concentration that is
higher than a reference concentration

A

hypertonic

62
Q

fuzzy appearance of the small intestinal
mucosa created by microvilli

A

BRUSH BORDER

63
Q

swallowing

A

DEGLUTITION

64
Q

many amino acids assembled together, but
not a protein yet

A

polypepide

65
Q

gastric gland cell that secretes pepsinogen

A

CHIEF CELL

66
Q

alkaline solution produced by the liver and
important for the emulsification of lipids

A

BILE

67
Q

taking food into the GI tract through the
mouth

A

INGESTION

HUMAN BIO (26 decks)

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