EXAM 4- Functions and macroanatomy of urinary system

Question 1

Among the following choices, which are susceptible to be found in normal urine?

a) Water

b) Urea

c) Drugs by-products

d) Vitamins B and C

e) Sodium and Calcium

f) All of the above.

Answer 1

f) All of the above.

Question 2

Kidneys are important player in the maintenance of the body homeostasis. Among the following choices, choose the ones in which the kidneys participate.

a) Regulation of blood pH if it gets too acidic or alkaline.

b) Increase erythrocyte production when oxygen levels are not sufficient.

c) Destroy the extra proteins one might get from his/her diet.

d) Maintenance of appropriate water content in blood and tissues.

e) Accumulate toxins that were removed from filtered blood.

Answer 2

a) Regulation of blood pH if it gets too acidic or alkaline.

b) Increase erythrocyte production when oxygen levels are not sufficient.

d) Maintenance of appropriate water content in blood and tissues.

Question 3

Your body has 2 of these ducts; one for each kidney.

Answer 3

ureters

Question 4

Receptors determine when this organ is full and trigger smooth muscle contractions to empty it.

Answer 4

bladder

Question 5

This duct is longer in men and shorter in women.

Answer 5

urethra

Question 6

Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder pushed by peristalsis in these.

Answer 6

ureters

Question 7

They are the filtration units responsible to clean and re-equilibrate blood by forming urine.

Answer 7

kidneys

Question 8

This duct conducts urine out of the body.

Answer 8

urethra

Question 9

This is where urine is collected and stored before exiting the body

Answer 9

bladder

Question 10

This organ will let its content go only if both of its sphincters are opened.

Answer 10

bladder

Question 11

Select all statements that are correct about the kidneys.

a) The kidneys are partially protected by the rib cage.

b) A capsule of connective tissue and a layer of adipose tissue help to protect the kidneys.

c) The kidneys are closely associated with the adrenal glands.

d) The kidneys are found in the frontal part of the abdomen.

e) The kidneys belong to the cardiovascular system since they filter blood many times a day.

Answer 11

a) The kidneys are partially protected by the rib cage.

b) A capsule of connective tissue and a layer of adipose tissue help to protect the kidneys.

c) The kidneys are closely associated with the adrenal glands.

Question 12

This structure is where the major vessels, ducts and nerves get into the kidneys.

Answer 12

Renal hilum

Question 13

True or False.

The outermost region of the kidneys is called the cortex while the inner one is the medulla.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Order the 4 structures through which urine flows in order to exit the kidneys

Answer 14

1) Minor calyces
2) Major calyces
3) Renal pelvis
4) Ureter

Question 15

Select all the parts of the nephron that can be found in the renal cortex.

a) Renal corpuscle

b) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

c) Collecting duct

d) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

e) Nephron loop

Answer 15

Renal corpuscle,

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 16

This long duct runs in opposite direction and helps with urine concentration.

Question 17

This duct’s main role is to return previously filtered material back to blood.

Question 18

This structure collects the filtrate coming out of the glomerulus.

Question 19

Its role is to filter blood and collect filtrate.

Question 20

This bundle of porous capillaries performs filtration.

Question 21

This is the last structure filtrate flows through before it becomes urine.

Question 22

Each nephron connects to one, but this structure is shared by many nephrons.

Question 23

Blood flows through the kidneys to be filtered and to have its composition readjusted. Doing so, it passes through many vessels.

which ones and in which order (6)?

Answer 23

1) Renal artery
2) Afferent arteriole
3) Glomerulus
4) Efferent arteriole
5) Peritubular Capillaries
6) Renal Vein (returns filtered blood from the kidneys and returns it to the circulatory system via the inferior vena cava)

Question 24

This extended network of capillaries branches from the efferent arteriole and wraps around kidney tubules.

Question 25

The largest vein of a kidney allowing filtered blood to return to system circulation.

Question 26

They make the glomeruli and filter blood.

Question 27

They are branching from the renal artery and branch again to form glomeruli.

Question 28

This is the vessel that exit from the glomerular capsule.

Question 29

This is the largest artery of the kidneys, it brings to-be-filtered blood inside.