EXAM 4- Functions and macroanatomy of urinary system Flashcards
Among the following choices, which are susceptible to be found in normal urine?
a) Water
b) Urea
c) Drugs by-products
d) Vitamins B and C
e) Sodium and Calcium
f) All of the above.
f) All of the above.
Kidneys are important player in the maintenance of the body homeostasis. Among the following choices, choose the ones in which the kidneys participate.
a) Regulation of blood pH if it gets too acidic or alkaline.
b) Increase erythrocyte production when oxygen levels are not sufficient.
c) Destroy the extra proteins one might get from his/her diet.
d) Maintenance of appropriate water content in blood and tissues.
e) Accumulate toxins that were removed from filtered blood.
a) Regulation of blood pH if it gets too acidic or alkaline.
b) Increase erythrocyte production when oxygen levels are not sufficient.
d) Maintenance of appropriate water content in blood and tissues.
Your body has 2 of these ducts; one for each kidney.
ureters
Receptors determine when this organ is full and trigger smooth muscle contractions to empty it.
bladder
This duct is longer in men and shorter in women.
urethra
Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder pushed by peristalsis in these.
ureters
They are the filtration units responsible to clean and re-equilibrate blood by forming urine.
kidneys
This duct conducts urine out of the body.
urethra
This is where urine is collected and stored before exiting the body
bladder
This organ will let its content go only if both of its sphincters are opened.
bladder
Select all statements that are correct about the kidneys.
a) The kidneys are partially protected by the rib cage.
b) A capsule of connective tissue and a layer of adipose tissue help to protect the kidneys.
c) The kidneys are closely associated with the adrenal glands.
d) The kidneys are found in the frontal part of the abdomen.
e) The kidneys belong to the cardiovascular system since they filter blood many times a day.
a) The kidneys are partially protected by the rib cage.
b) A capsule of connective tissue and a layer of adipose tissue help to protect the kidneys.
c) The kidneys are closely associated with the adrenal glands.
This structure is where the major vessels, ducts and nerves get into the kidneys.
Renal hilum
True or False.
The outermost region of the kidneys is called the cortex while the inner one is the medulla.
true
Order the 4 structures through which urine flows in order to exit the kidneys
1) Minor calyces
2) Major calyces
3) Renal pelvis
4) Ureter
Select all the parts of the nephron that can be found in the renal cortex.
a) Renal corpuscle
b) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
c) Collecting duct
d) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
e) Nephron loop
Renal corpuscle,
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
This long duct runs in opposite direction and helps with urine concentration.
nephron loop
This duct’s main role is to return previously filtered material back to blood.
This structure collects the filtrate coming out of the glomerulus.
glomerular/bowman’s capsule
Its role is to filter blood and collect filtrate.
renal corpuscle
This bundle of porous capillaries performs filtration.
glomerulus
This is the last structure filtrate flows through before it becomes urine.
DCT
Each nephron connects to one, but this structure is shared by many nephrons.
collecting duct
Blood flows through the kidneys to be filtered and to have its composition readjusted. Doing so, it passes through many vessels.
which ones and in which order (6)?
1) Renal artery
2) Afferent arteriole
3) Glomerulus
4) Efferent arteriole
5) Peritubular Capillaries
6) Renal Vein (returns filtered blood from the kidneys and returns it to the circulatory system via the inferior vena cava)
This extended network of capillaries branches from the efferent arteriole and wraps around kidney tubules.
peritubular capillaries?
The largest vein of a kidney allowing filtered blood to return to system circulation.
renal vein
They make the glomeruli and filter blood.
glomerular capillaries
They are branching from the renal artery and branch again to form glomeruli.
afferent arteriole
This is the vessel that exit from the glomerular capsule.
efferent arteriole
This is the largest artery of the kidneys, it brings to-be-filtered blood inside.
renal artery
what is urea essentially?
degradation of amino acids
what is incontinence?
failure of the external urinary sphincter (voluntary)
why are the glomerular capillaries very porous?
to allow waste products, flids, ions, glucose and amino acids to pass from the blood to glomerular capsule
they block bigger molecules like proteins and RBC
