EXAM 4 - Homeostasis and Disorders pt I & II

Question 1

Among the following statement, which ones will cause blood pH to increase?

a) Decreasing one’s breathing rate.

b) Reabsorbing more hydrogen ions.

c) Increasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys.

d) Secreting more hydrogen ions in urine.

Answer 1

C) Increasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys.

D) Secreting more hydrogen ions in urine.

Question 2

What hormone, naturally produced by the kidneys, can also be used as a drug to increase athletic performances?

Answer 2

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 3

Among the following statements, select the one that may help prevent renal calculi.

a) Drinking plenty of water everyday.

b) Adopting a high-salt diet.

c) Adopting a low-salt diet.

d) Keeping yourself is a state of mild dehydration.

e) Taking calcium supplements.

Answer 3

a) Drinking plenty of water everyday.

c) Adopting a low-salt diet.

Question 4

why can hypohydration be very dangerous? explain briefly

Answer 4

hypohydration will cause blood volume to decrease

and thus blood osmolarity to increase

under these conditions, tissues will send more water to blood and tissues will dehydrate

which might lead to death.

Question 5

how does aldosterone may help in maintaining blood volume?

Answer 5

A hormone, aldosterone allows
sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule

This increases blood osmolarity since sodium
concentration in it increases.

Then, with more ions circulating in blood, water will be naturally attracted to it.

In the end, this causes blood volume to increase.

Question 6

define osmoregulation

state 2 parameters than can modulate osmoregulation

Answer 6

The quantity of solutes in blood that must be tightly regulated since it affects most of our body systems.

blood volume & blood osmolarity

Question 7

Among the following statement, which one will cause blood pH to increase.

a) Increasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys.

b) Decreasing one’s breathing rate.

c) Secreting more hydrogen ions in urine.

d) Reabsorbing more hydrogen ions.

Answer 7

a) Increasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys.

c) Secreting more hydrogen ions in urine.

Question 8

Patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis would show what in their urine?

Answer 8

blood and proteins