EXAM 3: formative quizzes on respiratory sysytem (socrative)

Question 1

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

a) Living at sea level

b) High blood levels of carbon dioxide

c) Low atmospheric pressure

d) Erythropoietin

e) Prolonged intensive exercise

Answer 1

d) Erythropoietin

Question 2

What is the oxygen partial pressure inside alveoli?
A
40 mm Hg
B
45 mm Hg
C
100 mm Hg
D
104 mm Hg
E
0 mm Hg

Answer 2

104mmHG

Question 3

They cover the apical surface of the respiratory tract epithelia.

a) Villi

b) Cilia

c) Hair

d) Bacteria

e) Mucus

Answer 3

cilia

Question 4

Having a saturation level of 80% is…
a) Below normal

b) Normal

c) Above normal

d) Impossible

Answer 4

below normal since usually ranges between 95-100%

A level of 80% indicates hypoxemia, which means there is a lower than normal level of oxygen in the blood and can be a sign of respiratory or cardiovascular issues.

Question 5

How many primary bronchi does the bronchial tree have?

Answer 5

2 (left and right primary bronchi)
they are further separated into secondary (right) and tertiary (left) bronchi

Question 6

In what part of the respiratory cycle is Patm lower than Palv?

Answer 6

during expiration
This pressure difference causes air to flow out of the lungs. Specifically, as the lungs contract, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, increasing the pressure inside the alveoli (Palv) above the atmospheric pressure (Patm), resulting in the expulsion of air.

Question 7

Name an increased ventilation that results in blood’s alkalinisation.

Answer 7

hyperventilation.

When you hyperventilate, you breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal, which causes a significant decrease in the level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood. This reduction in CO₂ leads to a condition called respiratory alkalosis, where the blood becomes more alkaline (higher pH).

Question 8

aside from its partial pressure, what other characteristic of a gas influences its concentration in blood between

a) temperature
b) ph
c) solubility
d) concentration
e) molecular formula?

Answer 8

solubility of a gas
is a key factor that influences its concentration in blood. Solubility determines how easily a gas dissolves in the blood, which directly affects its concentration. For example, carbon dioxide is more soluble in blood than oxygen, which is why it can be transported more efficiently despite lower partial pressures.

Question 9

What structure does not perform its role correctly when one chokes with food

Answer 9

The epiglottis
is a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue and closes over the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway. If the epiglottis fails to close properly, food can enter the trachea, leading to choking.

Question 10

true or false

Deoxygenated blood that returns to the lungs has emptied all its oxygen in the tissues.

Answer 10

False.
Deoxygenated blood returning to the lungs has not completely emptied all its oxygen. While it has released a significant amount of oxygen to the tissues, it still retains some oxygen. This remaining oxygen is then replenished in the lungs during the process of gas exchange.

Question 11

Which of the following anatomical structures is NOT part of the conducting zone?

a) Pharynx

b) Nasal cavity

c) Alveoli

d) Bronchi

e) Trachea

Answer 11

c) Alveoli

The conducting zone includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and other airways that conduct air to the lungs but do not participate in gas exchange. The alveoli, on the other hand, are part of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs.

Question 12

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in venous blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to carbon dioxide?

A) It diffuses into the blood.

B) It diffuses into the alveoli.

C) The gradient is too small for it to diffuse.

D) It decomposes into carbon and oxygen.

Answer 12

B) It diffuses into the alveoli.

Question 13

The three divisions of the pharynx are…

A) Oropharynx

B) Laryngopharynx

C) Tracheapharynx

D) Nasopharynx

E) Larynx

Answer 13

In order:

D) Nasopharynx

A) Oropharynx

B) Laryngopharynx

Question 14

The debris trapped in mucus of the bronchi are moved to _______ .

A) the throat

B) the nasal cavity

C) the epiglottis

D) the mouth

Answer 14

A) the throat

Question 15

What structure of the respiratory system protects the vocal cords?

A) Pharynx

B) Larynx

C) Trachea

D) Bronchi

E) Alveolus

Answer 15

B) Larynx

Question 16

During quiet breathing the volume of air entering and exiting the lungs is called ______

A) Residual volume

B) Expiratory reserve volume

C) Inspiratory reserve volume

D) Tidal volume

Answer 16

D) Tidal volume

amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal, quiet breathing. It’s the regular volume of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath when at rest.

Question 17

When the diaphragm relaxes, it _______ the volume inside the thoracic cavity.

A
Increases
B
Decreases
C
Does nothing to
D
Triples
E
Eliminates

Answer 17

B: Decreases.

When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward into the thoracic cavity, reducing the space available for the lungs. This decrease in volume increases the pressure inside the thoracic cavity, which helps push air out of the lungs during exhalation

Question 18

In what part of the respiratory cycle is Patm lower than Palv?

A) Always

B) Never

C) Inspiration

D) Expiration

Answer 18

D) Expiration

During expiration, the pressure inside the alveoli (Palv) becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure (Patm), causing air to flow out of the lungs. This pressure difference is what drives the exhalation process.

Question 19

What enzyme in the red blood cells converts CO2 to H2CO3 and vice versa?

A) Carbonic anhydrase

B) Oxidase

C) Carbonase

D)Hemoglobin

Answer 19

A) Carbonic anhydrase

Question 20

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the…

A) visceral and parietal pleurae

B) Bonchial and parietal pleurae

C) Pleural cavity

D) None of the above

Answer 20

a) visceral and parietal pleurae

Question 21

true or false

**Most of the CO2 travelling in blood is carried attached on hemoglobin in RBC.

Answer 21

FALSE.

Most of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood is transported as bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) in the plasma. While some CO₂ does bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells (forming carbaminohemoglobin), this accounts for a smaller portion compared to the amount converted to bicarbonate.

Question 22

What is the primary stimulus that causes an increase in respiratory rate?

A) Decrease in CO2

B) Decrease in O2

C) Increase in pH

D) Increase in O2

E) Increase in CO2

Answer 22

E) Increase in CO2

An increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the blood is the primary stimulus that triggers an increase in respiratory rate. The body needs to expel the excess CO₂ to maintain proper pH balance and ensure efficient gas exchange. This is detected by chemoreceptors in the brain and blood vessels, which then signal the respiratory centers to increase the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 23

Gas moves from an area of ______ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

Answer 23

high to low

Question 24

They monitor pH and CO2 levels in major systemic arteries.

A) Baroreceptors

B) Neurons

C) Red Blood Cells

D) Chemoreceptors

Answer 24

D) Chemoreceptors

Specifically, the carotid bodies and aortic bodies are the primary chemoreceptors responsible for detecting changes in blood pH and CO₂ levels. These receptors send signals to the respiratory centers in the brain to adjust the rate and depth of breathing, ensuring that the body maintains homeostasis.

Question 25

Which circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body?

A) Pulmonary

B) Interlobular

C) Respiratory

D) Bronchial

E) Cardiac

Answer 25

The pulmonary circulation
is responsible for transporting blood between the heart and the lungs. In this process, blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and releases carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled. This oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart to be pumped throughout the body.

Question 26

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

A) Living at sea level

B) High blood levels of carbon dioxide

C) Low atmospheric pressure

D) Erythropoietin

E) Prolonged intensive exercise

Answer 26

D) Erythropoietin

hormone produced primarily by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. It stimulates the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the bone marrow, which helps increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 27

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A) Right
B) Left

Answer 27

the right lung

the superior, middle, and inferior lobes