Purpose Of The Gut Flashcards
Why do we have a gut?
Food ingestion, digestion and absorption
Egesting what we don’t need
Excreting waste products
What are the 4 sphincters in the oesophagus?
Upper oesophageal sphincter
Lower oesophageal sphincters
Muscular pylorex sphincter
Rectal sphincter
What are the challenges of the gut?
Small space Inside but external surface Stop toxins and infections entering Need water for chemical reactions Control is complex
What is the longest part of the gastrointestinal parts?
Jejunum
What is the port of entry of the gut?
The mouth
What areas mechanically disrupt?
Mouth and teeth
Actions of the stomach- make chyme
How does the stomach mechanically disrupt?
Upper area creates a basal tone
Lower area uses peristalsis
Has another layer of inner oblique muscle
Where are things stored in the gi tract?
Stomach
Colon- temporary
What are the folds of the stomach called?
Rugae
Where does chemical digestion occur in the GI?
Saliva- amylase and lipase
Stomach- acid and pepsin
Duodenum/Jejunum- bile and exocrine pancreas
What is the defence from pathogens in GI?
Saliva
Hoc
Kuppfer cells
Peyers patches
How does food move along the tract?
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Haustral shuttling
Mass movement
What muscles type is in the bowel?
Mainly smooth muscle
Some skeletal muscle
What does the gut absorb?
Digested food and secretions
Fluid balance
What structures help to aid absorption in the gut?
Length
Folds
Villi and microvilli
How does the gut eliminate waste?
Mass movement Using colon as temporary storage Rectum empty usually Anal sphinchter Gastrocolic reflex
What is the mouth used for?
Physical breakdown of food
Digestive enzyme release
Infection control
What is the oesophagus main functions?
Rapid transport of bonus to stomach through thorax
Prevents air from entering GI tract
Helps prevent reflux into oesophagus
What are the functions of the stomach?
Storage
Produce chyme by breakdown
Infection control
Secrete intrinsic factor
What are the functions of duodenum?
Start of small intestine
Neutralisation of chyme
Digestion wrap
Pancreatic secretions and bile
What are the functions of jejunum and ilieum?
Final digestion Nutrient absorption Water electrolyse absorption Bile recirculating B12 absorption
What are the functions of the large bowel?
Final water absorption
Final electrolyte absorption
What is the rectum and anus for?
Defaecation
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
