Hernia Flashcards
What is a hernia?
A pertrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall
What are the three parts of a hernia?
Sac
contents of the sac
covering of the sac
What is the sac of a hernia?
Pouch of peritoneum
What is the contents of the sac in a hernia?
Any structure within the abdominal cavity e.g. loop of bowel or omentum
What is the covering of the sac in a hernia?
Layers of the abdomen wall through which the hernia has passed
Where can hernias occur?
Where there are weaknesses in the abdominal wall e.g. Inguinal canal, femoral canal, umbilicus, pervious incisions
What does incarcerated mean?
Stuck
Wha does strangulated mean?
Blood supply disrupted so can lead to tissue necrosis
Who is most likely to get a femoral hernia and why?
females as anatomy is different so can earily get incarcerated and strangulate
What is the inguinal canal?
Oblique passageway through lower part of the abdominal wall
What is the Upper boundary of the inguinal canal?
Internal oblique
What is the posterior boundary of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal?
Aponeurosis and external oblique
What is the lower boundary of the inguinal canal?
inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament
Where does the inguinal canal pass in males?
Through abdomen to testis
What is processus vaginalis?
Pouch of peritoneum
What is Gubernaculum?
Mesenchme that links testis to labioscrotal swelling
Where does the inguinal canal pass in a female?
Round ligament goes from uterus to labium majus
What occurs in an indirect inguina hernia?
Most likely males on the right of body
Passes through the deep inguinal ring, the inguinal canal and superficial ring
If processus vaginalis was obliterated will decend
Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
What occurs in a direct inguinal hernia?
Bulges through the hesselback triangle
Near superficial inguinal ring
Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
When can a umbilical hernia occur?
Congenital
Infantile
Adult
What is a congenital umbilical hernia
Omphalocele
contents herniate into umbilical cord with a peritoneal covering
What occurs in an infantile umbilical hernia?
Contents herniate through weakness in scar of umbilicus
What occurs in an adult umbilical hernia?
Para- umbilical
goes trhough the linea alba
Between xiaphoid process and umbilicus
Small hernia to begin with but as chronic strain forces more fat out it will eventually pull peritoneum through
