Hernia

Question 1

What is a hernia?

Answer 1

A pertrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall

Question 2

What are the three parts of a hernia?

Answer 2

Sac

contents of the sac

covering of the sac

Question 3

What is the sac of a hernia?

Answer 3

Pouch of peritoneum

Question 4

What is the contents of the sac in a hernia?

Answer 4

Any structure within the abdominal cavity e.g. loop of bowel or omentum

Question 5

What is the covering of the sac in a hernia?

Answer 5

Layers of the abdomen wall through which the hernia has passed

Question 6

Where can hernias occur?

Answer 6

Where there are weaknesses in the abdominal wall e.g. Inguinal canal, femoral canal, umbilicus, pervious incisions

Question 7

What does incarcerated mean?

Answer 7

Stuck

Question 8

Wha does strangulated mean?

Answer 8

Blood supply disrupted so can lead to tissue necrosis

Question 9

Who is most likely to get a femoral hernia and why?

Answer 9

females as anatomy is different so can earily get incarcerated and strangulate

Question 10

What is the inguinal canal?

Answer 10

Oblique passageway through lower part of the abdominal wall

Question 11

What is the Upper boundary of the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

Internal oblique

Question 12

What is the posterior boundary of the inguinal canal?

Answer 12

Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

Question 13

What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

Answer 13

Aponeurosis and external oblique

Question 14

What is the lower boundary of the inguinal canal?

Answer 14

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

Question 15

Where does the inguinal canal pass in males?

Answer 15

Through abdomen to testis

Question 16

What is processus vaginalis?

Answer 16

Pouch of peritoneum

Question 17

What is Gubernaculum?

Answer 17

Mesenchme that links testis to labioscrotal swelling

Question 18

Where does the inguinal canal pass in a female?

Answer 18

Round ligament goes from uterus to labium majus

Question 19

What occurs in an indirect inguina hernia?

Answer 19

Most likely males on the right of body

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, the inguinal canal and superficial ring

If processus vaginalis was obliterated will decend

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 20

What occurs in a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 20

Bulges through the hesselback triangle

Near superficial inguinal ring

Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 21

When can a umbilical hernia occur?

Answer 21

Congenital

Infantile

Adult

Question 22

What is a congenital umbilical hernia

Answer 22

Omphalocele

contents herniate into umbilical cord with a peritoneal covering

Question 23

What occurs in an infantile umbilical hernia?

Answer 23

Contents herniate through weakness in scar of umbilicus

Question 24

What occurs in an adult umbilical hernia?

Answer 24

Para- umbilical

goes trhough the linea alba

Between xiaphoid process and umbilicus

Small hernia to begin with but as chronic strain forces more fat out it will eventually pull peritoneum through

Question 25

What are the symptoms of hernia?

Answer 25

Vary

Pain, vomiting and sepsis

Question 26

What are the important landmarks of the hesselbach triangle?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 27

Question 28

Why is the point at which the hernia leaves the abdominal cavity important?

Answer 28

How its named

Question 29

What happens if the processus vaginalis doesnt close?

Answer 29