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Gastrointestinal System > Gastrointestinal disease > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is gasto-oesphageal reflux disease?

A

Reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus?

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of gastro-oespahgeal reflux disease?

A

Heartburn, Cough, Sore throat, Dysphagia

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3
Q

What are the causes of gastro-oesphageal reflux disease?

A

LOS problems Delays gastric emptying- raise in intragastric pressure Hiatus hernia Obesity

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4
Q

What are the problems with gastro-oesphageal reflux disease?

A

Oesophagitis Strictures Barretts oesphagus- metaplasia of aquamous epithelium to columnae- Increased risk of adenocarcinoma by 30-40%

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5
Q

What is the treatment for gastro- oesophageal reflux disease?

A

Lifestyle modification Pharmacological- Antacids, H2 anatogonists, PPIs Surgery

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6
Q

What is acute gastritis?

A

Acute mucosal inflammatory process

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7
Q

What causes cute gastritis?

A

Heavy use of NSAIDS Lots of alcohol Chemotherapy Bile reflux

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of acute gastritis?

A

Asymptomatic or Pain, nausea and vomiting, occasionally bleeding which can be fatal

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9
Q

What is chronic gastritis caused by?

A

Bacterial due to H-pylori infection

Autoimmune due to antibodies to gastric parietal cells

Chemical reactive due to alcohol, NSAIDS abuse

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis due to bacteria?

A

Same as acute gastritis

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11
Q

What may cause other symptoms in chronic gastritis due to bacteria?

A

Due to complications e.g. pelvic ulcers, adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis due to a autoimmune condition?

A

Symptoms of anemia, glossitis, anorexia and neurological symptoms

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13
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

Defects in gastric/duodenal mucosa which extends through muscularis mucosa

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14
Q

Where does peptic ulcer disease commonly affect?

A

First part of the duodenum

Lesser curve of the stomach

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15
Q

What causes peptic ulcer disease?

A

Mucosal injury e.g. stomach acid, H pylori, NSAIDS, smoking and stress- massive physiological stress

They go away and then come back

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers?

A

Epigastric pain- back pain sometimes Burning follwing meal times and at night Serious symptoms- bleeding and anemia, satiety, weight loss

17
Q

What is functional dyspepsia?

A

have symptoms of ulcer disease but no physical evidence of organic disease

18
Q

How wold you diagnose gastrointestinal disease?

A

Upper GI endoscopy and biopsy Urease breath test Erect chest xray- perforation Blood test- anemia

19
Q

What is the treatment for gastrointestinal disease?

A

Eradicate H-pylori Triple therapy- PPI and clarithromycin and amoxicillin Stop NSAIDS Endoscopy for bleeding ulcers and dollow up for treated gastric ulvers PPI Pharmacological intervention H2 bockers- cimetidine and ranitidine Proton pump inhibitor omeprazole

20
Q

How is H pylori spread?

A

oral or oral or oral to faecal route

21
Q

What are the characteristics of H pylori?

A

Helix shaped Gram negative Microaerophilic Has flagellum which gives good motility

22
Q

What does H pylori do?

A

produce urease which converts urea to ammonium which increases pH

23
Q

Where does H pylori live?

A

In mucus layer and adheres to gastric epithelium

24
Q

What are the problems with H pylori?

A

Releases cytotoxins- direct epithelial injury Expresses enzymes like urease and ammonia is toxic to epithelia Degrades mucus layer Promotes inflammatory response- self injury

25
Q

What happens if H Pylori in the antrum? (g cell home)

A

duodenal ulceration

26
Q

What happens if H pylori in the antrum and body?

A

asymptomatic

27
Q

What happens if H pylori in body mainly?

A

Can lead to cancer

28
Q

What are the symptoms of stress ulceration?

A

Severe burns, raised intracranial pressure, sepsis, severe trauma, multiple organ failure

29
Q

What is GORD?

A
30
Q

What is gastritis?

A
31
Q

What is a peptic ulcer?

A
32
Q

What is Zollinger- Ellison?

A

Pancrease secretes More gastrin

ulcerate stomach and small intestine

33
Q

What is stomach cancer?

A
34
Q

What would pharmacological intervention do?

A

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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