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Gastrointestinal System > Functions of the stomach > Flashcards

Functions of the stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic functions of the stomach?

A

Receive food
Disrupt food
Continue digestion
Disinfect

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2
Q

Where does the stomach receive food from?

A

From the oesophagus

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3
Q

Why does the stomach have to store food?

A

As we consume faster than we can digest

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4
Q

What is receptive relaxation?

A

Vagally mediated relaxation of orad stomach which allows food to enter the stomach without raising the intra-gastric pressure too much

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5
Q

What does receptive relaxation prevent?

A

Acid reflux during swallowing and rugae allow distension

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6
Q

How does the stomach disrupt food?

A

Vigorous contractors of the smooth muscle

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7
Q

What kind of cells are present in the stomach?

A

Columnar epithelial cells

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8
Q

What are mucosa and submucosal folds called?

A

Rugae

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9
Q

What are the little holes in the stomach called?

A

Gatric pits

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10
Q

What are the names of the different kinds of cells in the stomach?

A

Mucous cells
Parietal cells
chief cells
G cells

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11
Q

What does the extra oblique layer in the stomach do?

A

Contracts to mix and move contents

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12
Q

What does the upper stomach create?

A

Has sustained contractions which creates a basal tone

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13
Q

How does the lower stomach move?

A

Peristalsis- coordinated movement by contracting every seconds from proximal to distal

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14
Q

Where is the stomach larger and smaller and why?

A

Stomach is large in the proximal and small at distal so contents can be accelerated as like a funnel

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15
Q

How often is liquid chyme ejected into the duodenum?

A

3 times a minute

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16
Q

What do acidic conditions help to do?

A

Unravel proteins
Activate proteases like pepsin
Disinfect stomach

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17
Q

What is secreted by the stomach?

A 
HCl
Intrinsic factor
Mucus 
Pensinogen
Histamine 
Gastrin 
Somatostatin
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18
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinisic factor

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19
Q

What is fundus and body?

A

Parts of the stomach- fundus is near the top and body is near the middle

20
Q

What controls the secretion of HCl?

A

Gastrin
Histamine
ACh

21
Q

How is HCl inhibited?

A

Essentially G cells are inhibited which means when food leaves pH will drop, low pH will activate D cells to release somatostatin which inhibits G cells so stomach distention reduces and vagal activity of the stomach

22
Q

What do mucous cells secrete?

A

Mucus

23
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

pensinogen

24
Q

What do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

25
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

26
Q

What is gastrin released controlled by?

A

Controlled by peptised and amino acids in stomach lumen and vagal stimulation- ach and gastrin releasing peptide

27
Q

What are the three stages of digestion?

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

28
Q

What starts of the cephalic phase of digestion?

A

Parasympathetic stimuli- smelling, tasting, chewing and swallowing

29
Q

What occurs in the cephalic stage?

A

30% of HCl produced
Direct stimulation of parietal cells by vagus nerve
Stimulate G cells by vagus nerve and releases GRP
Anticipating food increase gastric motility slightly

30
Q

What happens in the gastric phase of digestion?

A

60% of HCl produced
Distention of stomach stimulates Vagus which stimulates parietal and G cells
Presence of amino acids and small peptides stimulates G cells
Food acts as a buffer in the stomach and removes inhibition of gastrin production
Enteric nervous system and gastrin cause strong smooth muscle contractions

31
Q

What happens in the intestinal phase of digestion?

A

10% of HCl produced
Chyme stimulates gastrin secretion
Partially digested proteins are detected in the duodenum
Quickly overtaken by inhibition of G cells
Presence of lipids activates enterogastric reflex
Reduces vagal stimulation
Chyme stimulates CKK and secretin

32
Q

What are the stomachs defences?

A

Mucus

HCO3-

33
Q

Why does the stomach need defences?

A

Designed to digest biological material so can digest itself

34
Q

Where is mucus and HCO3- secreted from?

A

Mucus cells and neck cells in gastric glands

35
Q

What does HCO3- and mucus form?

A

A thick alkaline viscous layer that adheres to the epithelium

36
Q

What maintains the epithelium?

A

Prostaglandins maintain mucosal blood flow and supply epithelium with nutrients

37
Q

What breach stomach defences?

A

Alcohol can dissolve the mucus layer
Heliobacter pyloric is chronic active gastritis
NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins

38
Q

Why is there a part of the stomach called the cardia?

A

as it is near the heart

39
Q

What is pepsinogen activated in?

A

The presence of acid

40
Q

What is secreted in the cardia?

A

Mucus

41
Q

What is secreted from the funds and body?

A

mucus, HCl and Pepsinogen (acids)

42
Q

What is secreted in the pylorus?

A

Gastrin and somatostatin (hormones)

43
Q

How is HCl producted?

A

Gastrin binds to CCK receptor on parietal cell
Histamine can bind to H2 receptor
Vagus nerve can release ACH

44
Q

How is gastrin produced?

A

Somatostatin can stimulate

Vagus nerve can stimulate

45
Q

What Cant take aspirin if stomach problems?

A

damages prostaglandins so ruin blood flow

Gastrointestinal System (16 decks)

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