Punishment - Crime Flashcards

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1
Q

What is reduction?

A

Using punishment to prevent and thus reduce future crimes

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2
Q

What is deterrence?

A

Punishing individuals deters them from reoffending and serves as a deterrent to others in society
e.g. a fine

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3
Q

What is rehabilitation?

A

Punishment can be used to reform and change offender behaviour and attitudes
e.g. community service

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4
Q

What is incapacitation?

A

Punishment is used to remove the offender’s ability to offend again
e.g. prison

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5
Q

What retribution?

A

Means ‘paying back’ society. It justifies punishing crimes that have been committed rather than preventing future crimes e.g. public trials

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6
Q

What is the Functionalist view on punishment?

A

The function of punishment is to be restitutive: to maintain the social solidarity of society and reinforce shared values
- punishment restores society’s equilibrium

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7
Q

What is the Marxist view on punishment?

A
Believe the function of punishment is to maintain the existing social order, which is corrupt and unfair:
- repressive state apparatus = punishments are used to protect ruling class property and values
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8
Q

What do Melossi and Pavarini suggest?

A
  • Capitalism puts a price on the worker’s time, prisoners ‘do time’ to ‘pay’ for their crimes
  • Prison and the capitalist factory have similar structures, with both enforcing strict disciplinary styles, subordination and a loss of liberty and power
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9
Q

What does Foucault suggest about prisons?

A

Argues that prisons began to subject individuals to disciplinary power to induce conformity through ‘self-surveillance’
- believes disciplinary power (control) has now infiltrated all parts of society

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10
Q

What figures on prisons does Carrabine provide?

A

Since the 1980s politicians have gained power by calling for stronger and tougher prisons sentences; prison populations have grown by 70% between 1993-2005

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11
Q

Why are prisons bad at rehabilitation?

A

2/3 prisoners reoffend

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12
Q

What percentage of the prison population are male, young, poor and over representative of ethnic minorities?

A

95%

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13
Q

What does Garland suggest?

A

Argue that the USA and the UK are moving into an era of mass incarceration, where there is systematic imprisonment of whole groups of the population

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14
Q

What does Downes suggest?

A

Argues 40% of the American unemployed are in prison which makes Capitalism look more successful. Thus imprisonment has an ideological function

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15
Q

What does Cohen argue about the growth of community controls?

A

That it has cast a net of control over more people:
- the community controls frequently fast track young people into the CJS e.g. ASBOs increase a youths chance of entering a custodial sentence

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