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Sociology > Media and Crime - Crime > Flashcards

Media and Crime - Crime Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does living in a media-saturated society mean?

A

We are able to access a wide range of of media and media about crime
- The media has become our main source of knowledge about crime

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2
Q

How does the media give a distorted image of crime?

A

It over represents certain crime such as violent and sexual crime

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3
Q

What did Ditton and Duffy find about the media representation of crime?

A

46% of media reports were about violent or sexual crimes yet these made up only 3% of all crime recorded by the police

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4
Q

What did Marsh find about media reporting in the USA?

A

Found violent crime was 36x more likely to be reported that property crime

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5
Q

How does the media portray criminals and victims? (Felson)

A

Shows them as older and more m/c

Felson: age fallacy

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6
Q

How does the media show police clear up rates?

A

Exaggerates their success:

  • Police are a major source of stories and want to present themselves in a good light
  • violent crime, which the media shows, has a higher clear up rate
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7
Q

What is Felson’s idea of ‘dramatic fallacy’?

A

Overplaying extraordinary crime and underplaying ordinary crime

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8
Q

How is news a social construction?

A

It doesn’t exist waiting to be gathered it is written up by a journalist

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9
Q

What do S. Cohen and J. Young suggest about the news?

A

Argues it is not discovered but is ‘manufactured’

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10
Q

What are ‘news values’?

A

The criteria by which journalists or editors decide wether a story is newsworthy enough to make it into the news

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11
Q

What is ‘agenda-setting’?

A

What the police and government prioritise

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12
Q

How are news values and agenda setting linked?

A

The media have the power to influence what the public see as important

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13
Q

What are the 8 news values?

A

1) Immediacy
2) Dramatisation
3) Personalisation
4) Higher status persons and celebrities
5) Simplification
6) Novelty
7) Risk
8) Violence

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14
Q

What are the news values in the James Atfield murders?

A

Dramatisation
Violence
Simplification
Novelty

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15
Q

How can fictional representations of crime present a distorted image of crime?

A
  • Murder, violence and sex crimes are over-represented
  • Fictional sex crimes are committed by psychopathic strangers
  • Fictional police usually ‘get their man’
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16
Q

How does reality crime TV present a distorted image of crime?

A
  • Focuses on murder, armed robbery and sexual crimes as these entertain
17
Q

What 8 ways can the media cause crime?

A

1) Imitation of acts seen via the media (copycat)
2) Arousal (due to violent or sexual imagery)
3) Desensitisation due to repeated viewing of violence
4) Transmitting knowledge of criminal techniques
5) Media hardware is a target for criminals
6) Stimulates the desire for unaffordable goods
7) Portrays the CJS/policies as incompetent
8) Glamorises offending

18
Q

What is Schramm’s evaluation of the media causing crime?

A

Media exposure of violence has, at most, a small and limited effect on children. The majority of children seem to be unaffected

19
Q

How can the media cause an unrealistic fear of crime?

A

Media exaggerates the amount of violent and unusual crime that happens and what groups are at more risk e.g. m/c women
= we have an unrealistic fear of violent or unusual crimes

20
Q

What did Gerbner find about the media creating fear?

A

Found that heavy users of TV had higher levels of fear of crime

21
Q

What is Sparks’s evaluation of the media creating fear?

A

Argues we must consider the meanings that viewers give to violence:
Different meanings are given to violence in cartoons or horror films or news reports

22
Q

How do Left Realists argue the media emphasises relative deprivation causing more crime?

A

The wealthy may be presented in the media which makes us feel more deprived. Feel more marginalised = more likely to form subcultures

23
Q

How does Merton argue the media emphasises relative deprivation causing more crime?

A

If the goal of wealth is constantly shown on the media then this may cause more people who cannot achieve this goal legitimately to become innovators.

24
Q

What is a moral panic?

A

A panic in society usually caused by the media

25
Q

How did Cohen demonstrate moral panics?

A
  • Showed how the media turned the mods and rockers into ‘folk devils’
  • Media exaggerate stories which create moral panics
  • Media can help to create violence
26
Q

How did Hall demonstrate moral panics?

A

Media created a fear of young, black men who were used as a scape goat for societies problems

27
Q

What does Jeweks argue about the media and technological advances?

A

That the internet creates opportunities to commit both conventional crimes such as fraud and ‘new crimes using new tools’ such as software privacy

28
Q

What are Wall’s 4 categories of cyber crime?

A

1) Cyber-trespass
- cross boundaries into others cyber property. Hacking and spreading viruses
2) Cyber-deception and theft
- identity theft, software piracy, file sharing
3) Cyber-pornography
- includes porn involving minors + opportunities for children to access porn on the net
4) Cyber-violence
- doing psychological harm or inciting harm. Includes cyber stalking, hate crimes against minority groups or bullying

29
Q

Why is policing cyber crime difficult?

A

Due to the sheer scale of the internet and the limited resources of the police as well as the global nature of crime which pose additional problems of jurisdiction

30
Q

Why is cyber-crime usually ignored more?

A

Police culture tends to give it a low priority because it is seen as lacking the excitement of more conventional policing

31
Q

What are the benefits of the internet for society?

A
  • Can be used for greater surveillance
  • People learn about local crimes e.g. missing persons
  • May be easier to find the perpetuator e.g facebook
32
Q

What are the problems of the internet for society?

A
  • Unsure where the crime gets dealt with
  • May create more victim opportunities e.g. personal info online
  • Creates vast amounts of new crimes + difficult for the law to keep up
33
Q

What is the Marxist perspective on media?

A

Media is part of the ISA, spreading Capitalist ideology about materialism
- This causes crime = capitalism is crimogenic (Chambliss)

34
Q

What is the Positivist perspective on media?

A

Sociologists should study the link between media and crime by using quantitative scientific methods to establish social facts

35
Q

What is the Interactionist perspective on media?

A

Sociologists should focus on understanding the meanings individuals give to what they see in the media (Sparks)

36
Q

What is the feminist perspective on media?

A
  • Sex role theory: media reinforces gender stereotypes, many female pincers shown to be butch in fictional media
  • The media reinforces hegemonic masculinity as makes men feel they have to be macho providers. This could encourage them to commit crime e,g, rape/theft to ‘accomplish masculinity’ (Messerschmidt and Connell)
37
Q

What is the Functionalist perspective on media?

A

Merton: media promotes society’s goal of wealth, causing some to feel strain + innovate to achieve it

38
Q

What is the Realist perspective on media?

A
  • Lea and Young: media emphasises relative deprivation, so causes people to feel they have to turn to crime
  • Cornish and Clarke: Rational choice theory, media shows CJS as incompetent
  • Media might help to prevent crime = educating about target hardening
39
Q

What is the Labelling perspective on media?

A
  • Cohen: media causes crime by labelling some groups as folk devils, creating moral panics + deviancy amplification
  • Becker: media are moral entrepreneurs who have the power to shape labels about what crimes/people are deviant

Sociology (83 decks)

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