Punic Wars/Macedonian Wars/Aetolian War Flashcards
Who had control over Syracuse before the Punic Wars?
Greece
What was the city right by the straight in between Sicily and Italy called?
Messana
The First Punic War began in 264 BC when what Roman senator argued to help the Mamertines?
Appius Claudius Caudex
What were the group of mercenaries called that were involved in the First Punic War?
Mamertines
Who defeats the Carthaginians after the Mamertines ask Rome to help?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla , he also brought the first sundial to Rome
Who had the first triumphal agnoman?
Manius Valerius Maximus, who got the agnomen Messalla
Who did Rome make a treaty to ally with in the early stages of the First Punic War?
King Hiero II of Syracuse
What was the first real battle of the First Punic War?
Siege of Agrigentum (262 BC)
What Cathaginian generals did Rome defeat at the Siege of Agrigentum (262 BC)?
Hannibal Gisgo and Hanno
What was the pivoting plank boarding device called?
The corvus (raven)
Who first used the corvus at the Battle of Mylae (260 BC), securing Rome’s first naval victory?
Gaius Duilius
Who did Gaius Duilius defeat at the Battle of Mylae in 260 BC?
Hannibal Gisgo
In what 256 BC battle did Regulus defeat Hanno the Great, securing a win for Rome?
Battle of Cape Ecnomus (256 BC)
Who was Regulus’ co-comander at the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
L. Manlius Vulso
What was the story of Regulus?
Was a consul, attacks Carthage and loses, goes back to Rome to “stop the fighting”, he doesn’t and goes back to Carthage, put in barrel with spikes and rolled down a hill.
Who defeated Regulus?
Spartan mercenary Xanthippus
In what year did Regulus invade Africa?
256 BC
At what battle of 255 BC did Xanthippus defeat Rome and capture Regulus?
Battle of Bagradas River (255 BC)
Who was the general at the Battle of Drepana (249 BC)?
P. Claudius Pulcher
What is the story of the Battle of Drepana? (249 BC)
P. Claudius Pulcher in charge, men say to consult sacred chickens, they don’t eat so they shouldn’t go to battle, he throws them into the water “if they won’t eat, let them drink”, Rome loses badly, and navy is destroyed for a while
What Carthaginian defeated Pulcher in 249 BC at the Battle of Drepana?
Adherbal
What was the last battle in the First Punic War?
Battle of the Aegates Islands (241 BC)
Who led the Roman forces against Hanno the Great at the Aegates Islands?
Lutatius Catulus
By the end of the First Punic War, what Carthaginian was the commander of his
country’s fleet?
Hamilcar Barca
What is Rome’s first province?
Sicily (241 BC)
What is Rome’s second province?
Corsica and Sardinia (227 BC)
How many Illyrian Wars were there?
2
Who does Rome fight off in the Adriatic in 229-228 BC, and what war was it?
1st Illyrian War: Rome defeats Illyrian Pirates, led by Queen Teuta
Who betrayed Queen Teuta, allowing the Romans to defeat the Illyrian pirates?
Demetrius of Pharos
After the 1st Illyrian war, what does Demetrius of Pharos do to start the 2nd Illyrian war?
Now he switches against Rome and him and the Illyrian pirates are defeated by Rome
Who does Demetrius of Pharos flee to after the Illyrian Wars?
Philip V of Macedon
What battle against the Gauls took place in 225 BC and involved the Romans defeating the Gauls?
Battle of Cape Telamnon (225 BC)
Which 5 time consul was known as the “sword of Rome?”
Marcellus
Who did Marcellus defeat after the First Punic War?
The Gauls
What honor was Marcellus given after defeating Viridomarus?
The third spolia Opima (armor of enemy general killed in one-on-one combat)
At what battle does Marcellus earn the 3rd spolia opima?
Battle of Clastidium (222 BC)
Who did Marcellus defeat to earn the 3rd spolia opima, and from what tribe did he come from?
Virodamarus from the Insubrian Gauls
What tribe was Virodamarus from?
Insubrian Gauls
Who was Hamilcar Barca?
General for land forces in Sicily, humiliated after loss, goes to fight in Hispania.
Who were Hamilcar Barca’s three sons?
Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago
Why did Hannibal hate Rome so much?
Hamilcar made him swear an oath that he’d never be a friend to Rome
What was Carthage’s treaty of 226 BC with Rome before the 2nd Punic War?
Ebro River Treaty, based on the river in Spain (north of it is Rome’s, south is Carthage’s)
What Carthaginian signed the Ebro River Treaty with Rome?
Hasdrubal the Fair
What Spanish city did Hasdrubal the Fair found?
Carthago Nova
What triggered the 2nd Punic War?
Hannibal trying to take over Saguntum (town in Spain allied with Rome)
Where does Hannibal take troops and elephants?
Through the Pyrannes and Alps
What was the first battle, though really a skirmish, in the 2nd Punic War?
Battle of Ticinus River (218 BC)
At what battle did 18 year old Scipio Africanus drag his father Publius out after being wounded?
Battle of Ticinus River
In what battle did the Carthaginians lure the Romans across a freezing river right into their army?
Battle of the Trebia River (218 BC)
Who is the defeated Roman general at the Trebia River?
Sempronius Longus
How did Hannibal lose his eye?
Swamp rot on his was to Lake Trasimene
What consul was killed at the Battle of Lake Trasimene (217 BC)?
Gaius Flaminius
In what battle did the Carthagineans rush out of a wooded area and ambush the Romans?
Battle of Lake Trasimene (217 BC)
What 2nd Punic War battle took place on the same day as an earthquake?
Lake Trasimene (217 BC)
After the losses of Ticinus, Trebia, and Trasimene, who was made didcator?
Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (Verrucosus means warty)
In what year did Fabius become dictator?
217 BC
What skirmish in 217 BC did Fabius “lose” to Hannibal since he didn’t want to go head to head with him?
Ager Falernus (217 BC)
Who was the Shield of Rome?
Fabius, since he took a more passive approach like cutting off supply lines
Who was called Cunctator “Delayer”?
Q. Fabius Maximus (Verrucosus)
Who was called Hannibal’s Lackey?
Q. Fabius Maximus
When did the Battle of Cannae take place?
216 BC
Who were the consuls defeated at the Battle of Cannae?
L. Aemilius Paullus and C. Tarentius Varro, but Varro did live
Which side lost the battle of Ticinus, Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae?
Rome
What prompted the First Macedonian War?
Rome finds out that Hannibal had allied with Philip V
Who did Rome ally with in the first Macedonian War to fight Philip the V since they were busy with the Second Punic War?
The Aetolian League
In what battle did the Romans go against Archimedes’s defense mechanisms, and who led the Roman forces?
Siege of Syracuse (212 BC), Marcellus “Sword of Rome” led them
When does Archimedes die?
Siege of Syracuse
Why was Syracuse no longer allied with Rome?
King Hiero II had died, a new treaty made them allied with Carthage
Which relatives of Scipio Africanus died in 211 BC?
Gnaeus Scipio (his uncle) and Publius Scipio (his father)
What power was Scipio Africanus given in 210 BC?
Proconsular imperium in Spain
In what battle was Hasdrubal killed?
Battle of the Metaurus River (207 BC), his head was them thrown into Hannibal’s camp
What Spanish city did Scipio Africanus capture in 209 BC?
Carthago Nova
What battle of 208 BC in Spain was Scipio Africanus’ first major victory, and was against Hasdrubal?
Battle of Baecula (208 BC)
Who were the victorious Romans at the Battle of the Metaurus River (207 BC)?
Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
What battle of 206 BC a “reverse Cannae” battle, where Scipio Africanus wins against Hasdrubal Gisgo?
Battle of Ilipa, in Spain
What happened to Scipio Africanus in 205 BC, allowing him to start fighting in Africa?
Became consul
Which battle of 203 BC did Scipio Africanus fight in Africa near Utica, and drew Hannibal out of Italy?
Battle of Campi Magni (large fields)
What battle ended the 2nd Punic War, and who led each side?
Battle of Zama (202 BC), Scipio Africanus vs Hannibal
Which Numidian King allied with Scipio Africanus and Rome in the late years of the 2nd Punic War, and who did they ally against?
Massinissa allied with Africanus against Hannibal and another Numidian king name Syphax
Who did Massinissa and Syphax fight over?
Sophonisba
Which ally of Carthage did Rome begin fighting in a series of wars during the Punic Wars?
Macedon (Mainly Philip V)
Who defeated Philip V of Macedon?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
At what battle did Flamininus defeat Philip V, and which war was it in?
Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), 2nd Macedonian war
Which battle demonstrated that Roman legions were better than phalanxes?
Cynoscephalae (197 BC)
What’s another battle, other than Cynoscephalae, did Flamininus win in the Second Macedonian War?
Battle of Gythium (195 BC)
Where did Flamininus declare the “Freedom of Greece” from Macedonia?
Isthmian Games in Corinth in 196 BC
How many Macedonian wars were there?
4
In what war from 191 to 188 BC did the Romans defeat Antiochus III (The Great)?
Aetolian War/ Syrian War
Where was Antiochus III from?
Seleucid Empire
Who did Antiochus III make a treaty with, making Rome see him as a threat?
The Aetolian League (in Greece)
Which former enemy of Rome sought refuge in Antiochus III’s court and played a minor role in the Aetolian/Syrian War?
Hannibal (Barca)
Who led the Romans to defeat Antiochus III at the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)?
Acilius Glabrio (Cato the Elder helps)
At what battle of 190 BC do Lucius Scipio (Roman) and Eumenes II of Pergamum defeat Antiochus III?
Battle of Magnesia (190 BC)
What was another battle in the Aetolian/Syrian war other than Magnesia and Thermopylae?
Battle of Myonessus (190 BC)
What battle of 168 BC ended the 3rd Macedonian War?
First Battle of Pydna (168 BC)
Who were on each side of the First Battle of Pydna (168 BC)?
L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (son of Paullus at Cannae) vs Perseus (son of Philip V)
What battle of 148 BC ended the 4th Macedonian War?
Second Battle of Pydna (148 BC)
Who were on each side of the Second Battle of Pydna (148 BC)?
Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus vs Andriscus
What did Cato the Elder say about Carthage?
“Carthago delenda est” (Carthage must be destroyed)
Which Roman is credited with finishing off Carthage in 146 BC?
Scipio Aemilianus
Whose aggressive expansion of his kingdom of Numidia led to the Third Punic War?
Masinissa, king of Numidia
Who was the first over the walls of Carthage in 146 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
What did Tiberius Gracchus get for being the first over the walls of Carthage?
Corona Muralis
Who is credited with finishing off Corinth in 146 BC?
Lucius Mummius Achaichus
In what year did Rome destroy both Carthage and Corinth?
146 BC
