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Certamen > Early Heroes and Enemies > Flashcards

Early Heroes and Enemies Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Brutus (consul) kill his sons, choosing state over family?

A

They had joined the Tarquinius Superbus counterrevolution thing against him

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2
Q

How did Lucius Junius Brutus die?

A

At the Battle of Silva Arsia (509 BC), Arruns (son of Tarquinnius Superbus) kills him and they both kill each other

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3
Q

Who replaced Collatinus as consul after he was forced to resign due to his name (Tarquinnius)?

A

Publius Valerius Publicola

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4
Q

Where did Collatinus retire to?

A

Lavinium

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5
Q

Why did people originally dislike Publius Valerius Publicola?

A

He had a house on the Velian Hill, so people thought he was “looking down on them”

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6
Q

How did Publius Valerius become Publicola “friend of the people”?

A

He removed the axe from the fasces, which symbolized the leader’s abilities to order the deaths of people

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7
Q

Which Roman’s name was the pseudonym the founding fathers used when publishing the Federalist Papers?

A

Publius Valerius Publicola

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8
Q

How many consuls were there in 509 BC?

A

5

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9
Q

What Etruscan King ruled over Clusium and attacked (and probably occupied) Rome in 508 BC?

A

Lars Porsenna

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10
Q

Who burned the Pons Sublicius to keep Lars Porsenna from entering Rome, before swimming off into a “shower of spears” ?

A

Horatius Cocles

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11
Q

What does “Cocles” mean?

A

One-eyed

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12
Q

What two men helped Horatius Cocles defend the Pons Sublicius?

A

Spurius Lartius and Titus Herminius

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13
Q

What did Mucius Scaevola do?

A

Killed wrong guy (aiming for Porsenna), stuck his right hand in fire

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14
Q

What did Lars Porsenna do after seeing Scaevola put his hand in fire?

A

He was impressed and made a treaty with Rome to get Roman hostages

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15
Q

What does “Scaevola” mean?

A

Lefty

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16
Q

Who was Cloelia?

A

Roman hostage who escaped by swimming through the Tiber

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17
Q

What did Cloelia do after escaping?

A

Returned herself to Lars Porsenna to keep the peace

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18
Q

How did Porsenna react to Cloelia’s return?

A

He was impressed and let her free half the hostages, she chooses the young Roman men

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19
Q

Who did Rome fight against in the Battle of Lake Regillus (496 BC)

A

Latin League (neighbors of Rome, allied against them)

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20
Q

Who led the Romans to victory at Lake Regillus (496 BC)?

A

Aulus Postumius Albinus (dictator) and Titus Herminius

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21
Q

Who was the Latin leader killed at Lake Regillus(496 BC), and who killed him?

A

Latin general Octavius Mamilius was killed by Titus Herminius

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22
Q

How was Octavius Mamilius related to Tarquinius Superbus?

A

He was Superbus’s son in law

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23
Q

Who saved the day at the Battle of Lake Regillus (496 BC)?

A

Castor and Pollux, rode in on white horses

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24
Q

What treaty of 493 BC allowed Rome to gain control over Latium?

A

The Foedus Cassianum, negotiated by a Roman named Spurius Cassius

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25
Q

Where and when did the plebeians go on strike to for the first time?

A

Mt Sacer in 494 BC

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26
Q

What specific type of laws were the plebeians protesting when they seceded to the Mōns
Sacer?

A

Debt laws

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27
Q

Who convinced the Plebeians to return?

A

Menenius Agrippa (told body and limbs parable, added aedile position and tribune of plebs position)

28
Q

When had Menenius Agrippa been consul?

A

503 BC

29
Q

What law of 471 BC legalized the concilium plebis, an assembly of Plebeians?

A

Lex Publilia

30
Q

Who marched on Rome with the Volscians after originally fighting with Rome at Lake Regillus?

A

Coriolanus

31
Q

Where had Coriolanus previously fought for the Romans, and what did he earn?

A

Battle of Lake Regillus (496 BC), got the civic or oak crown

32
Q

Who convinced Coriolanus to stop his march on Rome?

A

Mom Veturia and wife Voloumnia

33
Q

Who killed Coriolanus?

A

The Volscians

34
Q

At what battle of 477 BC against Veii was nearly the entire Gens Fabia wiped out?

A

Cremera

35
Q

In what year does Cincinnatus save Rome?

A

458 BC

36
Q

Who was the consul trapped with his army at Mt Algidus that Cincinnatus saved in 458 BC?

A

Minucius

37
Q

Who was the leader of the Aequi who Cincinnatus defeated?

A

Gracchus Clelius

38
Q

Who and where did Cincinnatus fight?

A

Aequi at Mt Algidus, where the consuls and army were trapped

39
Q

How did Cincinnatus win the battle of Mt Algidus (458 BC)?

A

He surrounded the Aequi in a circle formation while Minucius distracted the Aequi by fighting

40
Q

What did Cincinnatus do after the Aequi surrendered?

A

Made them walk under the yoke

41
Q

How long was Cincinnatus dictator for?

A

16 days (gave up his full 6 month position)

42
Q

Which tribune first proposed the idea that the laws should get written down, prompting the establishment of the decemviri?

A

Terentilius Harsa

43
Q

Who were the decemviri?

A

10 men who wrote down all the laws, they made the Law of the Twelve Tables

44
Q

Genucius Augurinus, Veturius Crassus, Gaius Iulius Iullus, Manlius Vulso, Sulpicius
Camerinus, and Appius Claudius

A

Members of the Decemviri

45
Q

What was Virginia’s story?

A

The decemvir Appius Claudius wants to get with her, her father Virginius kills her to preserve her purity

46
Q

What law of 445 BC was the result of the 3rd secession of the plebs allowed intermarriage between patricians and plebeians?

A

Lex Canuleia, proposed by tribune of the plebs Gaius Canuleius after 3rd plebeian succession

47
Q

Who got the second spolia opima in 437 BC, and who did he defeat?

A

Aulus Cornelius Cossus defeated Lars Tolumnius of Veii

48
Q

At what battle did the second spolia opima occur?

A

Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)

49
Q

What Etruscan city did Rome have a 10 year (405-396 BC) siege on?

A

Veii

50
Q

When was Veii captured after 10 years?

A

396 BC

51
Q

Who created a plan to get into Veii, and what was this plan?

A

Marcus Furius Camillus (5 consulships, 2nd founder of Rome) decided to dig into Veii’s sewers

52
Q

What ally of Veii did Camillus go after in 395 BC?

A

Falerii

53
Q

Why did Falerii give themselves up to Camillus in 395?

A

Because of his good Roman virtue. He refused to capture the children and use them for ransom money

54
Q

Who was Marcus Furius Camillus?

A

5 time consul, 2nd founder of Rome, Pater Patriae (Father of the country)

55
Q

What happened to Camillus after the siege of Veii?

A

He was exiled for embezzling funds

56
Q

Who defeated the Romans at the Battle of the Allia River in 390 BC?

A

Brennus of the Senonian Gauls

57
Q

What tribe was Brennus from?

A

Senonian Guals

58
Q

When did Brennus burn Rome to the ground, burning all records with it?

A

390 BC

59
Q

Who saved the men on the Capitoline hill when Brennus invaded?

A

Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

60
Q

How did Marcus Manlius Capitolinus save the Capitoline hill’s men?

A

He heard Juno’s sacred geese, thought it was a warning, woke everyone up, prevented attack by the Gauls

61
Q

Why is the Temple of Juno Moneta called that?

A

Juno’s geese had warned (moneo) them about the Gaul’s attack

62
Q

Who was considered the “first Patrician Populist” for his fight for plebeian rights?

A

Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

63
Q

How did Marcus Manlius Capitolinus die?

A

Senate threw him from the Tarpeian Rock (on the very hill he saved), saying that he only saved Rome to become its king, though really because he had accused the senate of mismanaging funds and not caring about the plebeians

64
Q

What did Brennus say when weighing out the gold he wanted in exchange for getting Rome back?

A

“Vae Victis!” (woe to the conquered)

65
Q

Who rode in from exile to stop Brennus from the gold weighing, and what did he say?

A

Marcus Furius Camillus “Non auro, sed fero!” (Rome is won not with gold, but with iron)

66
Q

Why was Camillus the Second Founder of Rome?

A

He convinced everyone to stay and rebuild after Brennus burned the city to the ground

Certamen (19 decks)

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