Augustus through Year of Four Emperors Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Explain the different names of Augustus
A
Gaius Octavius (OG), Octavian (after Caesar adopts him), Augustus (Senate calls him this), Princeps (means first citizen, he wants people to call him that)
2
Q
How was Octavius related to Caesar?
A
Was his great nephew, later his adoptive son
3
Q
Who’s funeral oration did Octavius give?
A
Julia Minor, Caesar’s sister
4
Q
Who does Caesar adopt in his will as his heir, angering Antony?
A
Octavian
5
Q
Who delivered Caesar’s funeral oration?
A
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
6
Q
When was the Battle of Mutina?
A
April 21, 43 BC
7
Q
Antony went to seize Mutina from which Roman who had control over Cisalpine Gaul, prompting the Battle of Mutina?
A
D. Brutus (Caesar assassinator)
8
Q
Who were the consuls of 43 BC who went with Octavian to take Mutina back from Antony?
A
Hirtius and Pansa
9
Q
When was the Second Triumvirate formed?
A
43 BC
10
Q
What consul of 43 BC died from wounds he got at a battle a few days before Mutina, and what was the battle called?
A
Pansa, injured at the Battle of Forum Gallorum
11
Q
What is the outcome of the Battle of Mutina?
A
Octavian comes to power, Hirtius dies, Antony retreats
12
Q
What happens after the Battle of Mutina?
A
Octavian’s army marches on Rome and kills D. Brutus
13
Q
What series of 14 speeches did Cicero write against Antony?
A
Philippics
14
Q
Who was in the Second Triumvirate?
A
Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavius
15
Q
What law made the Second Triumvirate official?
A
Lex Titia
16
Q
Who was Mark Antony married to?
A
Originally Octavia (Octavian’s sister), then Cleopatra
17
Q
What were Cleopatra and Antony’s kids named?
A
Twins Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios and younger brother Ptolemy Philadelphos.
18
Q
Who was the Battle of Actium (31 BC) fought between?
A
Antony and Cleopatra vs Octavian and Agrippa (right hand man, built Pantheon)
19
Q
When did the Empire begin?
A
27 BC, when the Senate calls Octavian “Augustus”
20
Q
What other honorific title was the senate considering giving to Octavian in 27 BC before
deciding on Augustus?
A
Romulus
21
Q
What does “Augustus” mean?
A
The revered one
22
Q
What office did Augustus get in 23 BC?
A
Tribune
23
Q
Who found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble?
A
Augustus
24
Q
What was Augustus’ motto?
A
“Festina lente” (make haste slowly)
25
What emperor extended the empire's boundaries to Egypt and forbade any general for entering it without his permission?
Augustus
26
Which emperor extended the empire to Illyricum, Pannonia, and Egypt?
Augustus
27
What emperor divided the city of Rome into 14 districts?
Augustus
28
What title did Augustus take in 12 BC after Lepidus' death?
Pontifex Maximus
29
At what 9 AD battle did Germanic chieftain Arminius defeat Publius Quinctilius Varus?
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
30
Who led the Roman forces to a defeat at the Teutoburg Forest?
P. Quinctilius Varus
31
What happened to Quinctilius Varus?
Suicide to avoid capture
32
What Germanic tribe was Arminius from?
Cherusci tribe
33
How many standards did the Romans lose at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest?
3
34
Who avenged the Teutoburg Forest by recovering 2 of 3 lost standards?
Germanicus
35
What title did Augustus receive in 2 BC?
Pater Patriae
36
Who was Augustus's daughter?
Julia the Elder
37
Who were the husbands of Julia the Elder?
Marcellus, Agrippa, Tiberius
38
When did Augustus rule?
27 BC-14 AD
39
Who did Augustus deny a spolia opima, and who had that man defeated?
Marcus Licinius Crassus (not Cra$$us) for defeating Deldo
40
Who were the initial contenders for Augustus' heir, and why were they never emperor?
Marcellus (his nephew and son in law) and Agrippa (right hand man and son in law), both died young
41
Who died in 23 BC, making him unable to be Augustus' heir?
Marcellus
42
Who died in 12 BC, making him unable to be Augustus' heir?
Agrippa
43
Who did Augustus give his signet ring to, signifying that he wanted him as his heir?
Agrippa
44
Who were Augustus' grandsons who died young, making them unable to take the throne, and who were their parents?
Gaius and Lucius Caesar, sons of Agrippa and Julia the Elder (Augustus' daughter)
45
Who were Augustus' wives?
Claudia, Scribonia, Livia Drusilla
46
Who were Livia Drusilla's existing children before she married Augustus?
Tiberius (became emperor) and Drusus I (fell off his horse and died)
47
Who was the son of Drusus I?
Germanicus
48
What emperor established the Praetorian Guard?
Augustus
49
Name the Julio-Claudian emperors in order
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
50
Who was the second emperor of Rome?
Tiberius
51
Who was the "reluctant emperor"?
Tiberius
52
Who was killed shortly into Tiberius' reign, even though he was already exiled, just so there weren’t any issues with the legitimacy of his ascendance?
Agrippa Postumus, son of Agrippa and Julia the Elder
53
Name the only emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty who had no Julian blood.
Tiberius
54
How was Tiberius related to Augustus?
He was Augustus' stepson (mom was Livia Drusilla)
55
Who was Tiberius' first wife, daughter of Agrippa?
Vipsania
56
How many kids did Tiberius and Vipsania have?
1, Drusus II
57
Where did Tiberius go into self imposed exile before becoming emperor, and why did he do it?
Went to Rhodes because Augustus wanted him to marry Julia the Elder (Augustus' daughter)
58
What governor of Syria was accused for poisoning Germanicus?
Cn. Calpurnius Piso
59
Who plotted against Tiberius?
Praetorian prefect Sejanus
60
Who warned Tiberius about Sejanus?
Antonia the Younger, his sister in law (and mother of Claudius!)
61
Where did Tiberius retire to, leaving Sejanus in charge?
The Island of Capri
62
Who replaced Sejanus after Tiberius had him killed?
Macro
63
Who did Tiberius adopt as his co-heirs?
Tiberius Gamellus and Caligula
64
What was the barracks of the Praetorian Guard called, made by Sejanus?
Castra Praetoria
65
Who was the third emperor of Rome?
Caligula
66
Who helped Caligula's rise to the throne?
Macro
67
Who did Caligula have an affair with, the wife of Praetorian Prefect Macro?
Ennia Thrasylla
68
Who were Caligula's parents?
Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder
69
Who was Caligula's sister who would eventually marry Claudius?
Agrippina the Younger
70
What happened to Agrippina the Elder?
Exiled to Pandateria by Sejanus
71
What favorite sister did Caligula deify posthumously?
Drusilla
72
Where does the name Caligula come from?
Means "little boot", he spent time as a child in battle with his father
73
What was a phrase Caligula said?
"Oderint dum metuant (let them hate as long as they fear"
74
Who did Caligula try to make consul?
His horse Incitatus
75
How did Caligula die?
Killed by Cassius Chaerea (Praetorian Guard)
76
Why did Caligula kill his cousin, and what was his name?
He kills Tiberius Gamellus because he was supposed to be co-heir with Caligula according to Tiberius' will
77
Who was Tiberius Gamellus
Grandson of Tiberius, was supposed to be co-heir with Caligula, so Caligula killed him
78
Who was the fourth emperor of Rome?
Claudius
79
Who was Claudius?
Uncle to Caligula, was cowering in curtains when Caligula was killed, Praetorian Guards chose him to rule
80
How much did Claudius pay for the Praetorian Guard's loyalty and what was this called?
15,000 sesterces each
Donativum
81
Pallas, Narcissus, and Polybius were all notorious freedmen of what emperor?
Claudius
82
Parents of Claudius
Drusus and Antonia the Younger
83
What four provinces did Claudius acquire?
Lycia, Thrace, Mauretania, and Britain
84
Who annexed Britannia in 43 AD?
Claudius
85
Who led Claudius' invasion of Britannia in 43 AD?
Aulus Plautius
86
Which British King did Claudius capture to get the title Brittanicus?
Caratacus, son of Cunobelinus (Shakespeare play about him)
87
What Brigantian queen defeated and handed over Caratacus to the Romans?
Queen Cartimandua
88
Who was Claudius' 3rd wife who was executed for her adultery?
Messalina
89
Who did Messalina essentially marry while also married to Claudius, and who informed Claudius?
-Gaius Sillius
-Narcissus (freedman) informed him
90
Who was Messalina and Claudius' son?
Britannicus
91
Who was Messalina and Claudius' daughter?
Claudia Octavia
92
How many wives did Claudius have, and who was his last?
4, last was Agrippina the Younger
93
How did Claudius die?
Agrippina the Younger gave him poisoned mushrooms, securing the throne for her son Nero
94
Who did Agrippina the Younger get the poison to kill Claudius from, the same person that Nero would later use to kill Britannicus?
Locusta
95
Who did Nero have poisoned since he was a threat to his title as emperor?
Britannicus, his half brother
96
How old was Nero when he was first emperor, and who was regent?
16, so Agrippina the Younger was regent until he killed her
97
What was Nero's original name?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
98
During who's reign did Boudicca's revolt occur in?
Nero
99
What tribe was Boudicca from?
Iceni (in Britannia)
100
Who did Nero send to suppress Boudicca's revolt?
Seutonius Paulinus
101
Who's army killed 70-80K Romans during her revolt against the Roman rule of Britannia?
Boudicca
102
What was the name of Nero's pregnant 2nd wife whom he killed by kicking her stomach?
Poppaea Sabina
103
Who were Nero's three wives?
Claudia Octavia, Poppaea Sabina, Statilia Messalina
104
Who was Claudia Octavia?
Daughter of Messalina+Claudius, sister of Britannicus, first wife of Nero
105
What emperor hosted the Juvenalia, or Ludi Juvenales, to honor his transition to adulthood?
Nero
106
When did Nero fiddle?
During the Great Fire of Rome (64 AD)
107
What did Nero build in the wreckage of the fire?
Domus Aurea
108
Who led a conspiracy against Nero in 65 AD?
C. Calpurnius Piso
109
Who were Piso's main co-conspirators?
tribune Subrius Flavus and centurion Sulpicius Asper
110
Who was accused of aiding Piso's assassination attempt of Nero even though he was Nero's tutor and then was forced to commit suicide?
Seneca the Younger
111
What future emperor helped put down the Pisonian conspiracy and got a triumph for it?
Nerva
112
Which emperor enjoyed participating in chariot racing and musical performances?
Nero
113
What future emperor fell out of favor with Nero when he fell asleep during a musical performance of his?
Vespasian
114
How many horses did Nero use in his Olympic chariot race, and how many did the others have?
He had 10, the others had 4
115
What general and governor did Nero force to commit suicide?
Domitius Corbulo
116
Which governor of Gallia Lugdunensis rebelled against Nero’s tax policies in March of 68 AD?
Vindex
117
What was Vindex the governor of?
Gallia Lugdunensis
118
What future emperors supported Vindex's rebellion?
Galba and Otho
119
Who did Nero send to defeat Vindex at Vesontio?
Lucius Verginius Rufus
120
How and when does Nero die?
Commits suicide on June 9, 68 AD
121
What were Nero's last words before he committed suicide on June 9, 68 AD?
"Qualis artifex pereo" (what an artist dies with me)
122
When was the year of four emperors?
69 AD
123
What were the emperor of 69 AD?
Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian (GOVV)
124
What was Galba the governor of?
Hispania Tarraconensis
125
What was Otho the governor of?
Lusitania (Portugal)
126
What governor of Lusitania had to give up his wife Poppaea Sabina to Nero?
Otho
127
What did Galba do on his way to Rome after being declared emperor?
Led a scorched earth campaign
128
What does Galba refuse to do, prompting Otho to use this as an opportunity to have him killed and take the throne for himself?
Galba refuses to bribe the Praetorian Guard (the standard practice)
129
Who did Galba adopt rather than Otho, prompting Otho to have him killed?
Lucius Calpurnius Piso
130
How did Galba die?
Killed by Praetorian Guard
131
Who did Galba have killed for cutting off Rome's grain supply?
African governor Clodius Macer
132
Which of the 69 AD emperors committed suicide?
Otho
133
Who owed his ascension to the imperial throne to two commanders of the Rhine legions
named Fabius Valens and Caecina Alienus?
Vitellius
134
At what battle does Vitellius defeat Otho for the throne, prompting Otho to kill himself?
First Battle of Bedriacum (69 AD)
135
At what battle was Vitellius defeated and Vespasian risen to the throne?
Second Battle of Bedriacum (69 AD)
136
Who fought on Vespasian's behalf at the Second Battle of Bedriacum?
Antonius Primus
137
Where was Vespasian when he was proclaimed emperor?
Egypt
138
What island did Augustus exile Julia the Elder to?
Pandateria
139
Grandson of Augustus, adopted and exiled
Postumus
140
Who did Augustus make Tiberius adopt?
Germanicus
141
Caligula’s wife
Caesonia
142
Wives of Claudius
Plautia Urgulanilla, Aelia Paetina, Messalina, Aggripina the Younger
