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Certamen > 7 Kings of Rome > Flashcards

7 Kings of Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 Kings in order

A

Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus

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2
Q

Who were Romulus’s parents?

A

Rhea Silvia (daughter of Numitor, descended from Aeneas) and Mars

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3
Q

How many vultures did Romulus see?

A

12, after Remus saw 6

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4
Q

Who were Numitor and Amulius?

A

Numitor was king of Alba Longa and father of Rhea Silvia. Amulius was his brother who usurped the throne and ordered the drowning of Romulus and Remus

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5
Q

Grandfather of Romulus?

A

Numitor

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6
Q

Great grandfather of Romulus?

A

Proca

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7
Q

Who founded Alba Longa?

A

Ascanius

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8
Q

What was the Rape of the Sabines?

A

Romulus invites Sabines to a Consualia festival for Neptune, seizes the women

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9
Q

Who seized the most beautiful woman during the Rape of the Sabines?

A

Thalasius

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10
Q

Who was bribed to open the gates to Rome to the Sabines?

A

Tarpeia, asks for what was on their left arms, they crush her with their shields, they name a rock after her where they push off traitors (Tarpeian Rock)

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11
Q

Who was defending the citidel against the Sabines during Romulus’ rule?

A

S. Tarpeius (father of Tarpeia)

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12
Q

What was Romulus known as after his death?

A

Quirinus (a god)

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13
Q

Explain the two versions of Rome’s victory over the Sabines in Romulus’ rule after Tarpeia lets them in the gates

A
  1. Hostius Hostillius is fighting Sabine Mettius Curtius, Mettius falls into a big swamp in the forum (Lacus Curtius, Rome wins
  2. Chasm opens in forum, have to throw what was most dear to them in there, Sabine Marcus Curtius thought it was youth and jumped in, Rome wins
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14
Q

Who does Romulus marry?

A

Hersilia, who convinces the Sabines and Romans to stop fighting

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15
Q

What were Romulus and Hersilia’s deified names?

A

Quirinus and Hora

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16
Q

Who does Romulus co-rule with?

A

Titus Tatius

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17
Q

Where did Titus Tatius die?

A

Lavinium

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18
Q

Who does Romulus sacrifice to?

A

Hercules

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19
Q

What hill did Romulus make an asylum for criminals?

A

Capitoline

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20
Q

What were Romulus’ 300 bodyguards called?

A

Celeres

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21
Q

What does Romulus earn after defeating Acron?

A

Spolia Opima (enemy armor, Roman leader beats enemy leader in hand to hand combat)

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22
Q

Where does the armor from the Spolia Opima get dedicated to?

A

Temple of Jupiter Feretrius

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23
Q

What tribe was Acron from?

A

Caenina

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24
Q

Who established the 12 lictors who would accompany the king?

A

Romulus

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25
Q

Who did Numa marry?

A

Tatia, Titus Tatius’s daughter

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26
Q

What did the lictors hold?

A

Fasces: bundle of rods with an axe

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27
Q

Who established the first 100 man senate?

A

Romulus

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28
Q

How does Romulus die?

A

Disappears into a storm cloud near the Lapis Niger (rock)

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29
Q

Which senator saw Romulus in a vision saying that he was swept away, and told the Romans of this, dispelling rumors that the senate killed him?

A

Julius Proculus

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30
Q

Who was the second king of Rome?

A

Numa Pompilius

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31
Q

What was Numa’s descent?

A

Sabine, from Cures

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32
Q

What title does Numa introduce and who was the first one?

A

Pontifex Maximus (high priest) since he establishes religion
-Numa Marcius is the first

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33
Q

Who fixed the lawful and unlawful days for conducting business and what were they called?

A

Numa Pompilius
-Fas
-Nefas

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34
Q

What temple did Numa build?

A

Temple of Janus (doors open in war, closed in peace)

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35
Q

Who built the temple of Jupiter Elicius?

A

Numa Pompilius

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36
Q

Who introduced the flamines, and give three examples of them?

A

Numa Pompilius
-flamen dialis (priest of Jupiter)
-flamen martialis (priest of Mars)
-flamen Quirinalis (priest of Quirinus)

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37
Q

Who were Numa Pompilius’ kids?

A

Pompilia (mother of Ancus Marcius) and Calpus (founder of gens Calpurnia)

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38
Q

Who did Numa (maybe) study with?

A

Pythagoras

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39
Q

What was the name of the place where Numa Pompilius and the Pontifex Maximus lived, and who built it?

A

The Regia, Numa built it

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40
Q

What nymph did Numa consult and where did they always meet up?

A

Egeria
-Met up in a cave in the Palatine hill

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41
Q

What were the ancilia?

A

12 sacred shields that were sent by Jupiter to Numa to protect Rome from a plague

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42
Q

Who held the ancilia?

A

The Salii (leaping priests of Mars)

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43
Q

Who added months to the calendar, and what months did he add?

A

Numa Pompilius added Jan and Feb

44
Q

Who was the 3rd king of Rome?

A

Tullus Hostilius

45
Q

What king, like Romulus, was raised by shepherds?

A

Ancus Marcius

46
Q

What was the big fight in Tullus’s reign?

A

Alba Longa vs Rome, Rome had Horatii triplets, Alba Longa had Curiatii, Rome won because Publius Horatius is last one standing

47
Q

Who was king of Alba Longa during Tullus’ reign?

A

Gaius Cluilius

48
Q

Why did Publius Horatius kill his sister Horatia after winning against the Curiatii?

A

She was engaged to one of the Curiatii, so she cried when Publius killed him

49
Q

Where did the Albans go after being defeated by the Romans?

A

Settled on the Caelian hill

50
Q

Who was Tullus’ grandfather?

A

Hostius Hostilius (guy who fought Sabines)

51
Q

What Alban king broke his promise to fight for Rome, and what was his punishment?

A

Mettius Fufettius was drawn and quartered

52
Q

Which king of Rome built the first Curia?

A

Tullus Hostilius.Called the Curia Hostilia

53
Q

How did Tullus Hostilius die?

A

Performed the rites of Jupiter Elicius wrong, got struck by lightning

54
Q

Who was the 4th king of Rome?

A

Ancus Marcius

55
Q

Who was Ancus related to?

A

Numa Pompilius was his grandfather (Pompilia, Numa’s daughter, was his mom)

56
Q

Who created the Plebeian class?

A

Ancus Marcius

57
Q

What forest did Ancus Marcius add to Rome?

A

Maesian Forest

58
Q

Who built the Pons Sublicius across the Tiber?

A

Ancus Marcius

59
Q

Who added the Janiculum hill to Rome?

A

Ancus Marcius

60
Q

Who ordered the building of the Mamertine Prison on the Capitoline Hill?

A

Ancus Marcius

61
Q

What was the Mamertine prison originally called?

A

Tullianum

62
Q

Who added Ostia to Rome?

A

Ancus Marcius

63
Q

What were the fetiales and who established them?

A

Priests who set up rules for declaring war (throwing a javelin into enemy camp, etc), established by Ancus Marcius

64
Q

What king annexed the Aventine hill for refugees of a Latin conflict?

A

Ancus Marcius

65
Q

Who was the 5th king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Priscus

66
Q

Where was Tarquinius Priscus from?

A

Etruria

67
Q

Who was Priscus’ father?

A

Demaritus

68
Q

What was Tarquinius Priscus’ original name?

A

Lucumo

69
Q

What happened on Priscus’s immigration to Rome?

A

Eagle grabbed his hat, put it back on, his wife Tanaquil sees it as a sign that he will be king

70
Q

Where was Demaritus from?

A

Corinth

71
Q

How does Priscus gain the throne?

A

Sends Ancus’s sons away when Ancus was dying, seizes the throne

72
Q

Who built the Circus Maximus and how many seats did it have?

A

Tarquinius Priscus, held 250,000

73
Q

Who was Tarquinius Priscus’s augur who convinced him to not add mounted troops to the army when he cut a whetstone with a razor?

A

Attius Navius

74
Q

What Latin town did Priscus capture?

A

Apiolae

75
Q

How was Priscus killed?

A

Axe to the head by Ancus’s sons

76
Q

What happened to Ancus’s sons after they killed Priscus?

A

Voluntary exile to Suessa Pometia

77
Q

Who was the sixth king of Rome?

A

Servius Tullius

78
Q

What was Servius’s origin story?

A

Head caught on fire, he was fine, Tanaquil sees it as a sign

79
Q

Who was Servius’ mother and what was his original name?

A

A slave named Ocrisia, his original name was Mastarna

80
Q

Where was Ocrisia from?

A

Corniculum

81
Q

Who was Servius Tullius’ wife?

A

Tarquinia

82
Q

Who built the temple of Diana on the Aventine hill?

A

Servius tullius

83
Q

What hills did Servius Tullius add to Rome?

A

Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquiline

84
Q

Who built the Servian Wall around the 7 hills?

A

Servius Tullius

85
Q

Who created Rome’s first census?

A

Servius Tullius

86
Q

Who oversaw Rome’s first coinage?

A

Servius Tullius

87
Q

How did Servius die?

A

Run over by a chariot by his daughter Tullia Minor

88
Q

On what road was Servius Tullius run over on?

A

Via Scelerata

89
Q

What was the shared name of Tarquinius Superbus’ brother and son?

A

Arruns

90
Q

Who did the brothers Tarquinnius Superbus and Arruns originally marry, and what happened?

A

OG couples were Tullia Minor+Arruns, and Tullia Major+Superbus. Tullia Minor and Superbus killed their spouses and married each other, so Superbus’s second wife was Tullia Minor

91
Q

Who was the last king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

92
Q

Which king of Rome defeated the Volscians, seized Gabii, and made the Treaty of Farentina?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

93
Q

Who built the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline hill?

A

Superbus

94
Q

What books did Tarquinius Superbus buy?

A

3 Sibylline Books

95
Q

Who sold Superbus the Sibylline Books?

A

Almathea, Sibyl of Cumae

96
Q

Who built the Cloaca Maxima, and what was it?

A

Tarquinius Superbus, it was a sewer that even drained the forum’s marshlands

97
Q

What city did Superbus besiege?

A

Ardea

98
Q

What temple did Superbus built, and with what spoils?

A

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
-built with the spoils of defeating Suessa Pometia

99
Q

Who was the Capitoline Triad?

A

Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

100
Q

How was Lucius Junius Brutus related to Superbus?

A

He was Superbus’s nephew

101
Q

Who were Superbus’s sons, and what did they do?

A

Sextus raped Lucretia and helped seize Gabii.
Arruns killed Lucius Julius Brutus at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 BC

102
Q

Who led the revolt against Superbus?

A

Collatinus (Lucretia’s husband) and Lucius Junius Brutus

103
Q

When did the Monarchy begin?

A

April 21st, 753 BC

104
Q

When did the Republic begin?

A

509 BC

105
Q

How was it prophesized that Brutus would control Rome?

A

Pythea, the Oracle of Delphi told Superbus that whoever kissed their mother first would rule Rome next. Superbus’ sons raced back to Rome, but Brutus fell to the ground and kissed the ground (mother Earth)

Certamen (19 decks)

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