7 Kings of Rome Flashcards
Name the 7 Kings in order
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus
Who were Romulus’s parents?
Rhea Silvia (daughter of Numitor, descended from Aeneas) and Mars
Who were Numitor and Amulius?
Numitor was king of Alba Longa and father of Rhea Silvia. Amulius was his brother who usurped the throne and ordered the drowning of Romulus and Remus
Grandfather of Romulus?
Numitor
Great grandfather of Romulus?
Proca
Who founded Alba Longa?
Ascanius
What was the Rape of the Sabines?
Romulus invites Sabines to a Consualia festival for Neptune, seizes the women
Who seized the most beautiful woman during the Rape of the Sabines?
Thalasius
Who was bribed to open the gates to Rome to the Sabines?
Tarpeia, asks for what was on their left arms, they crush her with their shields, they name a rock after her where they push off traitors (Tarpeian Rock)
Who was defending the citidel against the Sabines during Romulus’ rule?
S. Tarpeius (father of Tarpeia)
What was Romulus known as after his death?
Quirinus (a god)
Explain the two versions of Rome’s victory over the Sabines in Romulus’ rule after Tarpeia lets them in the gates
- Hostius Hostillius is fighting Sabine Mettius Curtius, Mettius falls into a big swamp in the forum (Lacus Curtius, Rome wins
- Chasm opens in forum, have to throw what was most dear to them in there, Sabine Marcus Curtius thought it was youth and jumped in, Rome wins
Who does Romulus marry?
Hersilia, who convinces the Sabines and Romans to stop fighting
What were Romulus and Hersilia’s deified names?
Quirinus and Hora
Who does Romulus co-rule with?
Titus Tatius
Where did Titus Tatius die?
Lavinium
Who does Romulus sacrifice to?
Hercules
What hill did Romulus make an asylum for criminals?
Capitoline
What were Romulus’ 300 bodyguards called?
Celeres
What does Romulus earn after defeating Acron?
Spolia Opima (enemy armor, Roman leader beats enemy leader in hand to hand combat)
Where does the armor from the Spolia Opima get dedicated to?
Temple of Jupiter Feretrius
What tribe was Acron from?
Caenina
Who established the 12 lictors who would accompany the king?
Romulus
Who did Numa marry?
Tatia, Titus Tatius’s daughter
What did the lictors hold?
Fasces: bundle of rods with an axe
Who established the first 100 man senate?
Romulus
How does Romulus die?
Disappears into a storm cloud near the Lapis Niger (rock)
Which senator saw Romulus in a vision saying that he was swept away, and told the Romans of this, dispelling rumors that the senate killed him?
Julius Proculus
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
What was Numa’s descent?
Sabine, from Cures
What title does Numa introduce and who was the first one?
Pontifex Maximus (high priest) since he establishes religion
-Numa Marcius is the first
Who fixed the lawful and unlawful days for conducting business and what were they called?
Numa Pompilius
-Fas
-Nefas
What temple did Numa build?
Temple of Janus (doors open in war, closed in peace)
Who built the temple of Jupiter Elicius?
Numa Pompilius
Who introduced the flamines, and give three examples of them?
Numa Pompilius
-flamen dialis (priest of Jupiter)
-flamen martialis (priest of Mars)
-flamen Quirinalis (priest of Quirinus)
Who were Numa Pompilius’ kids?
Pompilia (mother of Ancus Marcius) and Calpus (founder of gens Calpurnia)
Who did Numa (maybe) study with?
Pythagoras
What was the name of the place where Numa Pompilius and the Pontifex Maximus lived, and who built it?
The Regia, Numa built it
What nymph did Numa consult and where did they always meet up?
Egeria
-Met up in a cave in the Palatine hill
What were the ancilia?
12 sacred shields that were sent by Jupiter to Numa to protect Rome from a plague
Who held the ancilia?
The Salii (leaping priests of Mars)
Who added months to the calendar, and what months did he add?
Numa Pompilius added Jan and Feb
Who was the 3rd king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
What king, like Romulus, was raised by shepherds?
Ancus Marcius
What was the big fight in Tullus’s reign?
Alba Longa vs Rome, Rome had Horatii triplets, Alba Longa had Curiatii, Rome won because Publius Horatius is last one standing
Who was king of Alba Longa during Tullus’ reign?
Gaius Cluilius
Why did Publius Horatius kill his sister Horatia after winning against the Curiatii?
She was engaged to one of the Curiatii, so she cried when Publius killed him
Where did the Albans go after being defeated by the Romans?
Settled on the Caelian hill
Who was Tullus’ grandfather?
Hostius Hostilius (guy who fought Sabines)
What Alban king broke his promise to fight for Rome, and what was his punishment?
Mettius Fufettius was drawn and quartered
Which king of Rome built the first Curia?
Tullus Hostilius.Called the Curia Hostilia
How did Tullus Hostilius die?
Performed the rites of Jupiter Elicius wrong, got struck by lightning
Who was the 4th king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
Who was Ancus related to?
Numa Pompilius was his grandfather (Pompilia, Numa’s daughter, was his mom)
Who created the Plebeian class?
Ancus Marcius
What forest did Ancus Marcius add to Rome?
Maesian Forest
Who built the Pons Sublicius across the Tiber?
Ancus Marcius
Who added the Janiculum hill to Rome?
Ancus Marcius
Who ordered the building of the Mamertine Prison on the Capitoline Hill?
Ancus Marcius
What was the Mamertine prison originally called?
Tullianum
Who added Ostia to Rome?
Ancus Marcius
What were the fetiales and who established them?
Priests who set up rules for declaring war (throwing a javelin into enemy camp, etc), established by Ancus Marcius
What king annexed the Aventine hill for refugees of a Latin conflict?
Ancus Marcius
Who was the 5th king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
Where was Tarquinius Priscus from?
Etruria
Who was Priscus’ father?
Demaritus
What was Tarquinius Priscus’ original name?
Lucumo
What happened on Priscus’s immigration to Rome?
Eagle grabbed his hat, put it back on, his wife Tanaquil sees it as a sign that he will be king
Where was Demaritus from?
Corinth
How does Priscus gain the throne?
Sends Ancus’s sons away when Ancus was dying, seizes the throne
Who built the Circus Maximus and how many seats did it have?
Tarquinius Priscus, held 250,000
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’s augur who convinced him to not add mounted troops to the army when he cut a whetstone with a razor?
Attius Navius
What Latin town did Priscus capture?
Apiolae
How was Priscus killed?
Axe to the head by Ancus’s sons
What happened to Ancus’s sons after they killed Priscus?
Voluntary exile to Suessa Pometia
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
What was Servius’s origin story?
Head caught on fire, he was fine, Tanaquil sees it as a sign
Who was Servius’ mother and what was his original name?
A slave named Ocrisia, his original name was Mastarna
Where was Ocrisia from?
Corniculum
Who was Servius Tullius’ wife?
Tarquinia
Who built the temple of Diana on the Aventine hill?
Servius tullius
What hills did Servius Tullius add to Rome?
Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquiline
Who built the Servian Wall around the 7 hills?
Servius Tullius
Who created Rome’s first census?
Servius Tullius
Who oversaw Rome’s first coinage?
Servius Tullius
How did Servius die?
Run over by a chariot by his daughter Tullia Minor
On what road was Servius Tullius run over on?
Via Scelerata
What was the shared name of Tarquinius Superbus’ brother and son?
Arruns
Who did the brothers Tarquinnius Superbus and Arruns originally marry, and what happened?
OG couples were Tullia Minor+Arruns, and Tullia Major+Superbus. Tullia Minor and Superbus killed their spouses and married each other, so Superbus’s second wife was Tullia Minor
Who was the last king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
Which king of Rome defeated the Volscians, seized Gabii, and made the Treaty of Farentina?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who built the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline hill?
Superbus
What books did Tarquinius Superbus buy?
3 Sibylline Books
Who sold Superbus the Sibylline Books?
Almathea, Sibyl of Cumae
Who built the Cloaca Maxima, and what was it?
Tarquinius Superbus, it was a sewer that even drained the forum’s marshlands
What city did Superbus besiege?
Ardea
What temple did Superbus built, and with what spoils?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
-built with the spoils of defeating Suessa Pometia
Who was the Capitoline Triad?
Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
How was Lucius Junius Brutus related to Superbus?
He was Superbus’s nephew
Who were Superbus’s sons, and what did they do?
Sextus raped Lucretia and helped seize Gabii.
Arruns killed Lucius Julius Brutus at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 BC
Who led the revolt against Superbus?
Collatinus (Lucretia’s husband) and Lucius Junius Brutus
When did the Monarchy begin?
April 21st, 753 BC
When did the Republic begin?
509 BC
How was it prophesized that Brutus would control Rome?
Pythea, the Oracle of Delphi told Superbus that whoever kissed their mother first would rule Rome next. Superbus’ sons raced back to Rome, but Brutus fell to the ground and kissed the ground (mother Earth)
