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PANRE Key Points Quick Flip > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common patient complaint with emphysema?

A

shortness of breath

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2
Q

at what age should vaccinations for pneumococcal pneumonia begin?

A

65 years old

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3
Q

prolonged expiration (low FEV1) should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

asthma or COPD

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4
Q

hampton’s hump on cxr should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

pulmonary embolism

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5
Q

how long after administering a PPD should it be read?

A

48-72 hours

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6
Q

a patient without a functioning spleen is more susceptible to what type of organisms ?

A

encapsulated organisms most commonly strep pneumonia and H. flu

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7
Q

what is the most cause of pneumonia in children less than 1?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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8
Q

what is the treatment of pneumocystis jeroveci pneumonia ?

A

bactrim

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9
Q

what occupations are associated with berylliosis?

A

aerospace and nuclear plant workers.

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10
Q

what CXR finding might make you think of berylliosis?

A

diffuse infiltrates with hilar adenopathy

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11
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosis of a pleural effusion?

A

thoracocentesis

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12
Q

when performing a decompression for a tension pneumothorax where do you put the needle?

A

2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line.

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13
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may be given to children

above what age?

A

1 year old

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14
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza) may be give to children above what age?

A

7 years old

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15
Q

An HIV patient with ground glass appearance on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP used tp be know as PCP).

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16
Q

A noncaseating granuloma should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

sarcoidosis

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17
Q

A pearl formation on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

squamous cell lung cnacer

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18
Q

Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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19
Q

A Westermark sign on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

pulmonary embolism

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20
Q

mesothelioma is most commonly found in what lung location?

A

80% are found in the pleural lining

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21
Q

what CXR finding might make you think of mesothelioma?

A

pleural thickening, remember 80% are found in the pleura lining

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22
Q

Hyperinflation on a CXR as well as eosinophilia on CBC should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

asthma

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23
Q

What organism is the most common cause of pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A

pseudomonas

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24
Q

a college student presents with pneumonia. why two organisms should you be thinking of?

A

chlamydia and mycoplasma

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25
Q

at what size induration would a PPD be positive for an HIV patient?

A

5mm

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26
Q

You suspect a pneumothorax. What instructions should go along with the order for a chest x-ray?

A

It should be an end expiratory view in order to look for visceral pleural air.

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27
Q

list the three most commonly used medical treatments for COPD?

A

oxygen, ipratropium and albuterol

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28
Q

List 4 medications which may cause asthma

A

beta blockers, NSAIDs, ACEI, ASA

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29
Q

Nodular opacities in the upper lung field should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

silicosis

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30
Q

what is the initial treatment for active TB?

A

INH+RIF+PZA+EMB x several months typically followed by INH+RIF once sensativities come back.

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31
Q

casearing granulomas should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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32
Q

Blue bloater refers to the characteristic physical exam finding of what disease?

A

chronic bronchitis

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33
Q

A contralateral mediastinal shift should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

tension pneumothorax

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34
Q

what is the best test to diagnose bronchiectasis?

A

CT

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35
Q

What are the main side effects of isoniazid?

A

hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy

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36
Q

You are treating a patient for TB. He has noticed that his body fluids now have an orange tint. What drug is most likely causing this?

A

rifampin

37
Q

ethambutol has what two major side effects?

A

optic neuritis, red green vision loss

38
Q

If you see a question with anything to do with rats and the patient has pneumonia, what organism should you be thinking of?

A

yersinia pestis

39
Q

What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in COPD patients?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

40
Q

where is a pan coast tumor found on chest X-ray?

A

at the apex of either the right or left lung

41
Q

will evidence of TB be seen more frequently in the upper or lower lung lobes on CXR?

A

upper

42
Q

a pt has pneumonia with rust colored sputum. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

strep pneumonia

43
Q

coal miners lung often shows nodular opacities in what lung fields?

A

upper lung fields

44
Q

When you step up the diagnosis from intermittent asthma to mild persistent asthma what medication should you add?

A

an inhaled steroid like fluticasone

45
Q

any question about rabbits and pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

tularemia

46
Q

dullness to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

lobar pneumonia

47
Q

a young child presents to the ER in a tripod position. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

epiglottitis

48
Q

at what size induration should a PPD be positive for a healthcare worker?

A

10mm

49
Q

List six extra pulmonary complications of lung cancer.

A

SPHERE - SVC syndrome, Pancoast tumor, Horner’s syndrome, Endocrine problems, Recurrent laryngeal symptoms, Effusions (exudative).

50
Q

Currant jelly sputum should make you think of

what diagnosis?

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

51
Q

what happens to total lung capacity in sarcoidosis?

A

it goes down

52
Q

what will the likely findings be on CXR of a patient with asbestosis?

A

Linear opacities at the bases with pleural plaques.

53
Q

Tympany to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

large pneumothorax

54
Q

what are the three most common cancers to metastasize to the lungs?

A

breast, liver and colon

55
Q

a thumbprint sign on x-ray should make you think of what two diagnoses?

A

lateral C-spine = epiglottitis. abdominal = intestinal ischemia

56
Q

a barrel chest should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

emphysema

57
Q

are the lungs noisy or quiet in COPD?

A

quiet

58
Q

list four indications for the flu vaccine.

A

child 6-59 months, pregnant female, healthcare worker, age greater than 50.

59
Q

post tussive rales should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

60
Q

parenchymal metastasis and blebs on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

emphysema

61
Q

Rhonchi or wheezes that clear after coughing suggest what diagnosis?

A

bronchitis or atelectasis

62
Q

does FEV1 go up or down with asthma?

A

it goes down

63
Q

A very sick patient with diffuse infiltrates that spare the costophrenic angles should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Capatilise acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

64
Q

what is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?

A

cystic fibrosis

65
Q

what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A

sweat chloride test

66
Q

an exudative pleural effusion should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB, lung cancer

67
Q

what is the treatment for epiglottitis?

A

2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin(cefttriaxone). macrolides may also be used (clindamycin)

68
Q

transudative pleural effusions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

congestive heart failure

69
Q

what two lung cancers are typically found centrally on chest x-ray?

A

small cell lung carcinoma and squamous cell

70
Q

what two lung cancers are typically found peripherally on chest x-ray?

A

adenocarcinoma and large cell

71
Q

pertussis is most commonly treated with what antibiotic?

A

erythromycin

72
Q

list the four most common sites lung cancer will metastasize to.

A

bone, brain, adrenals and liver

73
Q

If you come across a question where the patient has erythema nodosum and an enlarged parotid gland what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

sarcoidosis

74
Q

what is erythema nodosum?

A

tender red nodules usually found on the shins

75
Q

a thin looking heart and flattened diaphragm on car should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

emphysema

76
Q

if you see a question with an alcohol who has been diagnosed with pneumonia what is the most likely organism?

A

klebsiella

77
Q

Honeycombing and tram tracks on the CXR should

make you think of what diagnosis?

A

bronchiectasis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

78
Q

paradoxical pulses may be found in what pulmonary disorder?

A

asthma

79
Q

An older patient presents with pneumonia and diarrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

legionella pneumonia

80
Q

eggshell opacities on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

silicosis

81
Q

list three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.

A

COPD, Asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax

82
Q

hyperresonance to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

emphysema, pneumothorax, asthma

83
Q

If you hear crackles in the lung fields list three pulmonary issues that should be in your differential.

A

Pneumonia, fibrosis, CHF, Bronchitis

84
Q

Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD?

A

it goes up

85
Q

List three things that should be in you differential if you hear wheezes on a lung exam?

A

asthma

86
Q

What is it called when a patient says “ee” but on auscultion you here “ay”?

A

egophony

87
Q

a physical exam finding of ego phony should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

lobar pneumonia

88
Q

CXR shows vascular redistribution and blurred vascular outlines. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

CHF

PANRE Key Points Quick Flip (28 decks)

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