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PANRE Key Points Quick Flip > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

acute sinusitis is most commonly caused by which two pathogens?

A

strep pneumo. and H . flu

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2
Q

Oral herpes is best treated with systemic or topical antivirals

A

topical is the first line. Systemic antivirals will help but are only indicated for severe cases

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3
Q

A patient presents with severe episodes of vertigo over the past several weeks. He has had intermittent unilateral hearing loss and a “blowing” in his ears. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Meniere’s disease

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4
Q

White oral lesions which cannot be scraped off should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

oral leukoplakia

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5
Q

What type of hearing loss is associated with aging?

A

sensory

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6
Q

Which is the most commonly affected sinus in acute sinusitis

A

maxillary

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7
Q

A patient presents with a hot potato or muffled voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

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8
Q

What time frame are we talking about for chronic sinusitis

A

> 3 months

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9
Q

List the time of year when each of the following allergens is most prominent: pollen, grass, mold and ragweed?

A

pollen tree and flower = spring, grasses are the summer, mold and ragweed are fall

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10
Q

HOw long should pressure by applied to treat epistaxis

A

15 minutes

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11
Q

List the four things that suggest group A beta hemolytic strep in a patient with pharyngitis

A

Fever, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, no cough and an exudate in the throat

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12
Q

A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of your diagnosis?

A

Scarlet fever

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13
Q

When is watchful waiting with a diagnosis of acoustic neuroma an appropriate plan?

A

Because this tumor is so slow growing, watching in an elderly patient is appropriate

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14
Q

What type of hearing loss would be caused by cerumen impaction

A

Conductive

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15
Q

How do you administer the Weber hearing test

A

Tuning fork placed in the middle of the forehead

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16
Q

A 14 year old field hockey player presents with prominent adenopathy, white purple exudates in the throat and a palpable spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Mononucleosis

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17
Q

How do you administer the Rinne hearing test

A

Place the tuning fork on the mastoid and then move it next to the ear

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18
Q

Describe the result of a Weber hearing test in a patient with conductive hearing loss

A

Patient will report the sound louder in the affected ear

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19
Q

An x-ray of the skull reveals coalescence of mastoid air cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Matoiditis

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20
Q

After 7 days of sinusitis what antibiotic would you start?

A

Amoxicillin or bactrim

21
Q

A 45 year old female complains of feeling the ground rolling under her feet at times. WHat is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Vertigo

22
Q

A patient with a history of smoking presents with a new onset hoarseness. This has been persistant for the past two weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

A patient presents with acute onset of continuous severe vertigo for the past five days. He does have a history of URI 2 weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Labrynthitis

24
Q

What does Kiesselbach’s plexus refer to?

A

A group of veins in the anterior nose which bleed a lot

25
Q

Small grouped vesicles on the vermillion border should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

herpes

26
Q

How do you differentiate between preseptal and post septal orbital cellulitis?

A

Ct scan of the orbits can help differentiate or clinical exam (pain with eye movement in post septal)

27
Q

What typically causes preseptal cellulitis?

A

An ascending URI

28
Q

You have a patient who presents with a harden painless lump on the lid of their eye. What is this? How do you treat it?

A

Chalazion- warm compresses might provide symptomatic relief. Consider ophthalmologist referral

29
Q

Most common etiology of viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

30
Q

Main distinguishing factor between viral conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis?

A

allergic conjunctivitis is itchy

31
Q

You have a patient with a foreign body in their eye. Once the object is removed you notice a “rust ring”. What was the object in the eye? What is the treatment for “rust ring”

A

metallic foreign body

Treatment- tetanus shot, antibiotics, pain control, removal with drill by ENT

32
Q

A patient has a foreign body in their eye. You tried to irrigate with saline but were unsuccessful. What should you try next?

A

Use a cotton ball and swipe to try to pick up the foreign body

33
Q

A patient experienced blunt trauma to the eye. Visualization of the eye reveals a “tear drop pupil”What does this patient have?

A

Ruptured globe

34
Q

The most frequent location of orbital blow out fractures

A

inferior wall and medial wall

35
Q

Normal pH of the eye

A

7

36
Q

Which burn is worse- alkaline or acidic burns? WHy?

A

alkaline because liquification necrosis

37
Q

“hazy cornea”- what is the treatment?

A

acute angle closure glaucoma- treat with IV mannitol, topical beta blockers and call ophthalmology

38
Q

You have a patient who has painless, sudden loss of vision. You do an eye exam on a patient and see a “cherry red spot” What do they have?

A

central retinal artery occlusion

39
Q

Your patient has malignant otitis externa. What is the most likely culprit?

A

P. aeruginosa

40
Q

What underlying disorder does a patient with malignant otitis externa most likely have?

A

diabetes

41
Q

First line treatment for mastoiditis

A

IV vanco or nafcillin

42
Q

YOu have a patient with an anterior nosebleed and a patient with a posterior nosebleed. Which one will be admitted?

A

Posterior!- anterior just gets dose of antibiotics and packing in ER and then sent home

43
Q

treatment for dental abscesses

A

Pen VK or clinda

44
Q

“hot potato voice”

A

peritonsillar abscess

45
Q

3 D’s of epiglottis

A

drooling, dysphagia + distress

46
Q

Pathogen causing epiglottitis

A

H flu

47
Q

“railroad tracks “ on X-ray

A

bronchiectasis

48
Q

“thumb print sign” on X-ray

A

epiglottitis

PANRE Key Points Quick Flip (28 decks)

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