Pediatrics Flashcards
Atypical or walking pneumonia is caused by what pathogen?
mycoplasma
a child with a fever lasting longer than 5 days should make you think of what diagnosis?
kawasaki syndrome
a widely split fixed S2 should make you think of what diagnosis?
ASD
List the five major jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.
polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis, subcuticular nodes
(major PECCS)
pale and boggy nasal mucose should make you think of what diagnosis?
allergic rhinitis
what organism is th most common cause of otitis media?
S. pneumonia
which viral exanthem often has conjunctivitis as one of its symptoms?
measles/rubella
by what age should a child be able to roll over?
4 months
what is the x-ray finding that supports diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
ice cream falling off the cone
a cxr finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?
coarctation of the aorta
bruises may be purple, green, yellow and brown. how many days old is a yellow bruise?
purple day 1-5, green day 5-7, yellow 7-10, brown 10-14
a purple seed plants a green tree, which leaves turn yellow, then brown
a four y/o M presents between october and march with wheezing, coughing, a runny nose and increased respiratory rate. what is the most likely pathogen?
respiratory syncytial virus
a child with bulky greasy stool should make you think of what diagnosis?
Cystic fibrosis
describe erythema marginatum
pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs.
a palpable olive shaped epigastric mass in a one month old should make you think of what dx?
pyloric stenosis
german measles is also known as what disease?
rubella
by what age should a child be able to hold up her head?
3 months
at what age should a child begin to say momma and dada?
12 months
what is the medical term for cross eyed?
strabismus
first line treatment for pertussis
erythromycin
koplik spots
measles/rubeola
How long should you wait for a swallowed marble to pass through the body before considering surgery?
24 hours
Is an upper respiratory infection which includes hoarseness most likely bacterial or viral?
viral
In order to diagnose rheumatic fever what one thing must you have?
Evidence of a strep infection either positive titer or positive culture.
In addition to that you need
2 major criteria or 1 major
and 2 minor criteria.
what is the treatment for volvulus in a child?
barium enema
first line treatment in mycoplasma pneumonia?
a macrolide erythromycin and azithromycin
what is pertussis more commonly referred as?
whooping cough
An overweight 15 year old boy with a limp presents to your office complaining of knee pain. There is no history of trauma. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease will have what appearance on CXR?
bilateral atelectasis or ground glass appearance
A salter harris type III fracture affects what area of the bone?
The physis (growth plate) as well as the epiphysis
unilateral purulent rhinitis should make you think of what diagnosis?
foreign body
describe barlow’s test
adduct and internal rotation of the hips
by what age should a child be able to sit up?
6 months
at what age should a child be able to use a spoon and stack 3-4 blocks
18 months
if you believe there may be a foreign body obstructing a childs breathing what type of CXR should you order?
expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping
currant jelly stool should make you think of what?
intussuception
a child presents with paroxysmal abdominal pain nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. what dx should you be thinking of?
intussusception
At what age should a child begin to feed himself?
6 months
a lacey pink rash should make you think of what diagnosis?
erythema infectiosum aka fifth disease aka slapped cheek
pain with movement of the pinna or tragus dx?
otitis externa
first line Abx for otitis media?
amoxicillin
gold standard for dx of cystic fibrosis?
sweat chloride test
pance will call it the: pilocarpine iontophoresis test
what heart valve is most associated with rheumatic fever?
mitral
what age should a kid be able to kick a ball?
24 months
most comon congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect
how do you treat a patient with respiratory syncytial virus?
albuterol, steroids and fluids
by what age should a child be able to walk?
12 months
you hear a loud harsh holosytolic murmur in a child. it is heard best at the LLSB. what dx should you be thinking of?
ventricular septal defect
dew drop on a rose petal
chickenpox
forchheimer spots
rubella
seizures along with a mouse like odor from the urine
Phenylketonuria
a child presents with painful ulcers in his mouth. on physical exam you find more of the same type of ulcers on his feet and hands. what virus is most likely causing these symptoms?
coxsackie virus
what is the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infection?
rhinovirus
nasal polyps should make you think of what diagnosis?
cystic fibrosis
what is the most serious complication of kawasaki syndrome
aortic aneurysm (I think this is supposed to be coronary aneurysm)
a salter harris type 1 fracture affects what area of the bone?
only the physis (growth plate)
a pateitn presents with a staccato cough but no fever. what diagnosis should you be thinking of?
chlamydia pneumoniae
boot shaped heart on xray
tetralogy of fallot
Describe the pattern of weight gain in an infant over the following time periods: week one, 6 months, 12 months, 3 years old and 4 years old.
Newborns lose 10% of their birth weight initially but are back to birth weight at 10 days, 6m = 2x birth weight, 12m = 3x birthweight,
3 y/o= 30 lbs & 30 inches, 4 y/o = 40 lbs & 40 inches.
what is the medical term for lazy eye?
amblyopia
at what age should an infant begin cooing?
2 months
during a physical exam of a child, you feel a tubular sausage shaped mass. dx?
intussusception
a musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex in a child
still’s murmur
Name the cyanotic congenital heart diseases
“the five T’s” plus “H” - tetrology of fallot, transposition of great arteries (TGA), truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and hypo plastic left heart
