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PANRE Key Points Quick Flip > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

White curd like vaginal discharge should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

vaginal candida infection

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2
Q

owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus

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3
Q

if you have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug?

A

amphotericin B

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4
Q

what is the treatment for pertussis?

A

erythromycin x 7 days

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5
Q

a leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions. Dx?

A

hepatosplenic candida

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6
Q

what disease dose Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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7
Q

an india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what?

A

Cryptococcosis

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8
Q

an HIV pt presents with a nonproductive cough and a chest x ray showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Dx?

A

pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ)

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9
Q

honey and babies should make you think of what?

A

botulism

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10
Q

what type of organism causes botulism?

A

gram + rod, clostridium botulinum

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11
Q

what is the treatment for botulism?

A

antitoxin

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12
Q

a patient presents to the ER with acute progressive weakness, diploplia and a very dry mouth. what organism may be causing this?

A

clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

rice water stool

A

cholera

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14
Q

is diphtheria gram + or -?

A

gram positive

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15
Q

a stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

diphtheria

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16
Q

what are the four steps in treating diphtheria?

A

antitoxin, penicillin, remove membrane, report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

what is the clinical name for whopping cough?

A

pertussis

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18
Q

what type of organism is tetanus?

A

a gram + rod, clostridium tetani

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19
Q

a pt ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. most likely organism?

A

salmonella

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20
Q

diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of what?

A

shigella

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21
Q

what is the best test to dx malaria?

A

peripheral blood smear

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22
Q

what organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

shigella, also remember that reactive arthritis has a positive HLA-B27

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23
Q

what is the tx for shigella?

A

bactrim or fluoroquinolones

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24
Q

what organism causes lyme disease?

A

borrelia burgdorferi

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25
Q

what is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer lyme disease to a human?

A

24 hours

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26
Q

what is the drug of choice to treat lyme disease in kids or pregnant women

A

amoxicillin

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27
Q

what is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

A

metronidizole (flagyl)

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28
Q

A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrans. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

lyme disease

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29
Q

what drug is used to tx or prophylax malaria?

A

chloroquine

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30
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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31
Q

what is the drug of choice for treating rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

doxycycline

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32
Q

what is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis?

A

penicillin

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33
Q

is staph gram + or -?

A

gram positive

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34
Q

A patient being treated with penicillin for a syphilis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop treatment?

A

No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction.

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35
Q

what organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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36
Q

A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what dx?

A

primary syphilis

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37
Q

is pseudomonas gram positive or negative?

A

gram negative

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38
Q

A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

secondary syphilis. this is the most contagious stage

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39
Q

what is the treatment for cholera?

A

fluids

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40
Q

what is the current drug of choice for Cytomegalovirus?

A

ganciclovir

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41
Q

what herpesvirus causes Epstein-Barr?

A

Herpes 4

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42
Q

A sixteen year old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam you observe some posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Epstein-barr virus

43
Q

what are the two important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with mononucleosis?

A

no contact sports due to risk of spleen rupture, no kissing (highly contagious)

44
Q

what is the first symptom of a rabies infection

A

pain and anesthesia at the site of bite

45
Q

how do you definitively diagnose rabies?

A

pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain

46
Q

a patient is bitten by rabier infected raccoon. on what days do you give human diploid cells?

A

0, 3, 7, 14, 28

47
Q

a diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

candida

48
Q

Name three serious reactions a patient may have with the use of vancomycin?

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and SJS

49
Q

what tests are done to screen for HIV?

A

ELISA and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with a western blot test

50
Q

what is the drug of choice for the lyme disease?

A

doxycycline

51
Q

what does trismus mean?

A

lock jaw, often secondary to tetanus

52
Q

how do you treat amebiasis?

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

53
Q

how do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

bactrim

54
Q

what is the treatment for tetanus infection

A

penicillin, immune globulin and supportive care (especially respiratory support)

55
Q

how do hookworm larvae enter the body?

A

they penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet

56
Q

how do you treat hookworm?

A

azoles

57
Q

what type of mosquitoes carry malaria?

A

anopheles

58
Q

how do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

most likely candida. tx with nystatin or oral fluconazole 1 mg are first line choices

59
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV pt. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

toxoplasmosis

60
Q

what is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis?

A

bactrim

61
Q

what organism causes toxoplasmosis?

A

toxoplasma gondii

62
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

you treat everyone in the house with albendazole. two weeks later you treat them again

63
Q

the scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease?

A

pinworm

64
Q

is neisseria gram + or gram -?

A

gram negative

65
Q

syphilis is caused by what organism?

A

treponema pallidum

66
Q

a gram positive organism in chains makes you think of what diagnosis?

A

strep

67
Q

a gram negative diplococci makes you think of what diagnosis?

A

neisseria

68
Q

what is the most common prophylactic antibiotic used preoperatively?

A

cefazolin (Ancef)

69
Q

what oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?

A

ciprofloxacin

70
Q

what is the suffix used for most fluoroquinolones?

A

oxacin

71
Q

why aren’t fluoroquinolones used more frequently?

A

they have a lot of side effects

72
Q

a pt presents with a ruptured achilles tendon. he states that he was recently in the hospital for a “blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics.” What antibiotic class may he have been on?

A

fluoroquinolones

73
Q

why can’t you give fluoroquiniolones to kids?

A

they can cause cartilage development preoblems

74
Q

what class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia

A

macrolides

75
Q

list three macrolides.

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

76
Q

what antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia?

A

tetracycline (doxy) or macrolides (azithro)

77
Q

what class of antibiotics is sometimes prescribed specifically for its effects on increasing GI motility?

A

macrolides

78
Q

which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or an aminoglycoside?

A

tetracycline (they cause teeth discoloration too)

79
Q

pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what dx?

A

cytomegalovirus

80
Q

a patient presents complaining of metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. what antibiotic might she be on?

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

81
Q

what antibiotic is most likely to cause Clostridium difficile?

A

clindamycin

82
Q

what is the current drug of choice for treating MRSA?

A

vancomycin

83
Q

you place a patient on rifampin. what side effect should you warn her about?

A

orange-red discoloration of body fluids

84
Q

what might happen if you infuse vancomycin too fast?

A

red man syndrome

85
Q

name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA.

A

linezolid (zyvox) and bactrim

86
Q

what organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia?

A

strep pneumonia

87
Q

what organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection?

A

E. coli

88
Q

gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

tertiary syphilis

89
Q

blood stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

amebiasis

90
Q

community acquired carditis is most often by one of the HACEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms.

A

Haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella

91
Q

what are the three medications often combines as a first line treatment for H. pylori?

A

omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin (PPI + 2 antibiotics)

92
Q

what is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary?

A

amoxicillin 2 gram po 1 hours before procedure.

93
Q

A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

toxoplasmosis

94
Q

what is the drug of choice to treat urethritis caused by neisseria?

A

ceftriaxone (rocephin)

95
Q

is klebsiella gram + or gram -?

A

gram negative

96
Q

a gram positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

staph

97
Q

what is the best test for diagnosing rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

indirect immunofluorescent antibodies

98
Q

a gram negative coccobaccili found in the sputum of patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

H. flu

99
Q

what medication is used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis?

A

rifampin

100
Q

a child presents with an erythematous sandpaper rash

A

scarlet fever

101
Q

Rheumatic fever most commonly affects which valve?

A

the mitral valve

102
Q

Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

103
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcified nodes on his chest x-ray. You also discover he has a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

PANRE Key Points Quick Flip (28 decks)

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