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PANRE Key Points Quick Flip > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

You believe a patient has a stroke. He presents with aphasia, loss of hearing in one ear and loss of vision in his left eye. Is the blockage likely in the anterior or posterior circulation?

A

Posterior

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2
Q

Under what conditions would aspirin or clopidogrel be used following a TIA as prophaylaxis?

A

These are antiplatelet medications. They would be used unless there is a known cardiac etiology for the embolism. Patients with a cardiac cause should use heparin or coumadin

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3
Q

A patient who is asymptomatic should consider having an endartectomy at what percent blockage of the carotid artery? How about in a symptomatic patient?

A

70% if asymptomatic and 60% if symptomatic

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4
Q

A patient presents complaining of the worst headache of his life. What might you expect his blood pressure to be?

A

This is the description for a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Blood pressure would be elevated.

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5
Q

Name abortive migraine drugs

A

triptans ( sumatriptan, zolmitriptan), ergotamine

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6
Q

An EEG showing focal rhythmic discharges at the onset of the seizure should make you think of what diagnosis

A

SImple partial seizure

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7
Q

What is the single most important thing to be concerned about with a patient in status epilepticus

A

Airway then managemnt of hyperthermia

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8
Q

Describe Brudzinski’s sign

A

lift the patients head and bend at the hips

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9
Q

Name medications used to break a seizure

A

Diazepam, lorazepam, phenytoin or fosphenytoin.

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10
Q

There is an MRI result of multiple foci of demyelination in the white matter. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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11
Q

List 3 medications used to treat multiple sclerosis

A

Steriods, interferon-beta, copolymer

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimers ( 80%)

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13
Q

What are the 4 chromosomes that have been linked to dementia?

A

1,14,19,21

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14
Q

Is the ankle jerk reflex or lumbar or sacral origin?

A

sacral

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15
Q

A study result comes back with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Alzheimers

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16
Q

A patient complains of an aching headache which feels like a band around his head. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Tension Headache

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17
Q

A patient present with a tremor in his right hand. He states that the tremor goes away completely when he has a beer. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

benign essential or familial tremor

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18
Q

Two medications to treat an essential tremor?

A

Beta blocker ( propanolol), Primidone

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19
Q

At what age do the symptoms of Huntington’s appear?

A

30

20
Q

A 35 year old patient comes to your office because his wife made him. He has been increasingly irritable and moody. She has also noticed that he is very restless. You order a CT scan which shows cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate nucleus. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Huntington’s

21
Q

Medication of choice for a patient with Tourette’s syndrome?

A

Haloperidol

22
Q

slit lamp shows Kayser- Fleischer rings. Most likely diagnosis?

A

Wilson’s Disease

23
Q

Wilson’s disease is associated with a build up of what mineral?

A

Buildup of copper because there is a deficiency of copper binding protein

24
Q

What are the genetic characteristics of Wilson’s disease?

A

Autosomal recessive, chromosome 13

25
Q

What cranial nerve is affected with Bell’s Palsy?

A

7

26
Q

A LP for a patient with bacterial meningitis will show an increase or decrease in: WBC, glucose, protein?

A

elevated WBC and protein. Decreased glucose

27
Q

What symptom is associated with a classic migraine

A

Having an aura

28
Q

Elevated acetylcholine receptor antibodies should make you thin of what dx

A

myasthenia gravis

29
Q

Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy have what genetic characteristic?

A

x linked recessive

30
Q

Age range for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

A

3-5 years

31
Q

An EEG showing generalized spikes and associated slow waves should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

generalized or absence seizure

32
Q

Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage aside from trauma?

A

ruptured cerebral aneurysm

33
Q

Most common primary cancer sites that metastasize to the brain

A

Lung, breast, kidney

34
Q

Resting or pill rolling tremor makes you think of what dx?

A

Parkinson’s

35
Q

Weakness and numbness in the left hand might be a blockage in which carotid artery?

A

right

36
Q

A patient has an intracranial neoplasm causing auditory illusions, olfactory hallucinations and emotional changes. What lobe is the lesion likely in?

A

temporal

37
Q

If you are looking for lesions associated with multiple sclerosis and you order an MRI do you order with gadolinium or without?

A

With gadolineum

38
Q

Defining symptom of Alzheimer’s?

A

progressive memory impairment

39
Q

Nerve root responsible for knee jerk reflex?

A

L3-L4

40
Q

An EEG showing interictal spikes should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Complex partial seizure

41
Q

Which is the most commonly herniated vertebral disc?

A

L4-L5 followed by L5-S1

42
Q

Three symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Gait disturbance, dementia, urinary incontinence

43
Q

A patient presents with inability to speak and right sided weakness. He seems to understand speech and follows commands well. What type of aphasia should you be thinking of?

A

Broca’s aphasia

44
Q

Alcohol may be a major factor in which encephalopathy?

A

Wernicke’s

45
Q

A patient complains of muscle weakness and fatigability that improves with rest. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Myasthenia gravis

46
Q

Lead pole of cogwheel rigidity should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Parkinson’s

PANRE Key Points Quick Flip (28 decks)

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