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PANRE Key Points Quick Flip > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?

A

Refer and position patient with head down

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2
Q

In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amarousis fugax?

A

Patients older than fifty

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3
Q

What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?

A

Carotid athersclerotic disease

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4
Q

When treating herpes keratitis should you use topical anti-viral, topical steroid or both?

A

Dont use steroids. Topical antiviral and refer

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5
Q

A patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eyelid. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What treatment should you begin with?

A

Hordeolum (sty). Warm compress and progress to topical abx if necessary

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6
Q

A fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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7
Q

A college student with a little purulent drainage from on eye and nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?

A

Chlamydia conjunctivitis

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8
Q

What should a primary care provider do for presumed central artery occlusion?

A

Opthalmic emergency! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye.

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9
Q

A patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a blood and thunder pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Central vein occlusion

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10
Q

What is appropriate treatment for central vein occlusion?

A

Typically self limited. Treat underlying disease

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11
Q

Is glaucoma more prevalent in males or females?

A

Females (3:1)

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12
Q

Give two risk factors for glaucoma

A

African American descent and diabetes

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13
Q

What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?

A

Pinguecula

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14
Q

A fundal exam shows a cup to disc ration of >0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disc. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Glaucoma

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15
Q

A patient presents saying that he doesn’t seems to need his glasses anymore after 30 yrs. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Macular degeneration

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16
Q

What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?

A

superior temporal

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17
Q

A patients presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Glaucoma

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18
Q

What is the most common way of testing for metamorphosia?

A

Amsler grid

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19
Q

You notice drusen deposits on fundal exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Macular degernation

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20
Q

A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?

A

This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygeine and moves on to topical antibiotics if necessary.

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21
Q

A patient has a history of multiple stys. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Chalazion

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22
Q

What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?

A

Red and green

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23
Q

What is term for eyelids that turn in?

A

Entropion

24
Q

What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?

A

Xanthelasma

25
Q

A fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and box-carring of arterioles. What is the most likely occlusion?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

26
Q

What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?

A

URI

27
Q

Vision loss described as a curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Retinal detachment

28
Q

You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Glaucoma

29
Q

A CT scan of the head shows broad infiltration of orbital fat. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Orbital cellulitis

30
Q

A patient presents with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and nontender preauricular adenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most common pathogen?

A

Viral conjunctivitis, adenovirus?

31
Q

How do you test for color blindness?

A

Ishihara plates

32
Q

A patient with a history of asthma presents complaining of stringy discharge from both eyes and severe swelling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

33
Q

What is the name for the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision.

A

Pterygium

34
Q

What is the name of the test for dry eyes?

A

Shirmer test

35
Q

A patient having recently undergone cataracts surgery presents c/o vision loss in the operative eye, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Retinal detachment

36
Q

Patient presents with sudden painless, complete, unilateral vision loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

37
Q

A dendritic lesion is seen with flouroscein stain, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Herpees keratitis

38
Q

Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster opthalmicus?

A

CN 5 (trigeminal nerve)

39
Q

Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of hutchinsons sign, what diagnosis does the patient have?

A

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

40
Q

Patient presents with dense corneal infiltrate and an epithelial defect seen with fluoroscein stain, what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Corneal ulcer

41
Q

A feathery border in an eye exam should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Fungal infection

42
Q

A patient in the recover room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

corneal abrasion

patients scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia

43
Q

What is the treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

Reassurance

44
Q

19 year old male took an elbow to the face while playing basketball this morning, the whole left side of his face is swollen and he can’t look up, whats the most likely diagnosis?

A

Orbital floor fracture

45
Q

A patient complains of seeing halos and rainbows around lights. She also complains of moderate photophobia, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Glaucoma

46
Q

What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (hyphema)?

A

Child abuse until proven otherwise

47
Q

How long after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show?

A

6-12 hours

48
Q

What is the term for eyelids that turn out?

A

Ectropion

49
Q

What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes?

A

Irrigate, irrigate, irrigate

50
Q

Color blindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?

A 
x-linked recessive (red/green)
autosomal recessive (blue/yellow)
51
Q

What is the term for being nearsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?

A

Myopia, concave lens

52
Q

A college student presents with copious purulent drainage from one eye, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Neisseria conjunctivitis

53
Q

What is the first line treatment for orbital cellulitis?

A

IV antibiotics, followed by 2 weeks of PO

54
Q

What is the term for being farsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?

A

Hyperopia, convex lens

55
Q

What is tonometry used for?

A

Determines Intra-ocular pressure

PANRE Key Points Quick Flip (28 decks)

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