Ophthalmology Flashcards
What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?
Refer and position patient with head down
In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amarousis fugax?
Patients older than fifty
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
Carotid athersclerotic disease
When treating herpes keratitis should you use topical anti-viral, topical steroid or both?
Dont use steroids. Topical antiviral and refer
A patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eyelid. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What treatment should you begin with?
Hordeolum (sty). Warm compress and progress to topical abx if necessary
A fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
A college student with a little purulent drainage from on eye and nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia conjunctivitis
What should a primary care provider do for presumed central artery occlusion?
Opthalmic emergency! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye.
A patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a blood and thunder pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central vein occlusion
What is appropriate treatment for central vein occlusion?
Typically self limited. Treat underlying disease
Is glaucoma more prevalent in males or females?
Females (3:1)
Give two risk factors for glaucoma
African American descent and diabetes
What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?
Pinguecula
A fundal exam shows a cup to disc ration of >0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disc. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
A patient presents saying that he doesn’t seems to need his glasses anymore after 30 yrs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?
superior temporal
A patients presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
What is the most common way of testing for metamorphosia?
Amsler grid
You notice drusen deposits on fundal exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degernation
A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?
This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygeine and moves on to topical antibiotics if necessary.
A patient has a history of multiple stys. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chalazion
What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?
Red and green
What is term for eyelids that turn in?
Entropion
What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?
Xanthelasma
A fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and box-carring of arterioles. What is the most likely occlusion?
Central retinal artery occlusion
What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?
URI
Vision loss described as a curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
A CT scan of the head shows broad infiltration of orbital fat. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Orbital cellulitis
A patient presents with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and nontender preauricular adenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most common pathogen?
Viral conjunctivitis, adenovirus?
How do you test for color blindness?
Ishihara plates
A patient with a history of asthma presents complaining of stringy discharge from both eyes and severe swelling. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Allergic conjunctivitis
What is the name for the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision.
Pterygium
What is the name of the test for dry eyes?
Shirmer test
A patient having recently undergone cataracts surgery presents c/o vision loss in the operative eye, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
Patient presents with sudden painless, complete, unilateral vision loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion
A dendritic lesion is seen with flouroscein stain, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Herpees keratitis
Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster opthalmicus?
CN 5 (trigeminal nerve)
Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of hutchinsons sign, what diagnosis does the patient have?
Herpes zoster opthalmicus
Patient presents with dense corneal infiltrate and an epithelial defect seen with fluoroscein stain, what diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Corneal ulcer
A feathery border in an eye exam should make you think of what diagnosis?
Fungal infection
A patient in the recover room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
corneal abrasion
patients scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia
What is the treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Reassurance
19 year old male took an elbow to the face while playing basketball this morning, the whole left side of his face is swollen and he can’t look up, whats the most likely diagnosis?
Orbital floor fracture
A patient complains of seeing halos and rainbows around lights. She also complains of moderate photophobia, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (hyphema)?
Child abuse until proven otherwise
How long after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show?
6-12 hours
What is the term for eyelids that turn out?
Ectropion
What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes?
Irrigate, irrigate, irrigate
Color blindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?
x-linked recessive (red/green) autosomal recessive (blue/yellow)
What is the term for being nearsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
Myopia, concave lens
A college student presents with copious purulent drainage from one eye, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Neisseria conjunctivitis
What is the first line treatment for orbital cellulitis?
IV antibiotics, followed by 2 weeks of PO
What is the term for being farsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
Hyperopia, convex lens
What is tonometry used for?
Determines Intra-ocular pressure
