Pulmonary Ventilation and Respiratory Flashcards
what is pulmonary ventilation?
breathing – bringing air into and out of lungs
external respiration?
gas exchange in the lungs – O2 from the lungs to the blood, CO2 from the blood to the lungs
internal respiration?
exchanging O2 from the blood stream to the organs, and CO2 from the organs to the blood stream
what is tidal volume?
normal breathing – normal inspiration and expiration
what is expiratory reserve volume?
normal exhale then forced exhale volume
inspiratory reserve volume?
normal breath plus forceful inhalation
residual volume?
air left over in lungs after forced exhale (expiratory reserve)
what is total lung capacity?
vital capacity + residual volume
what happens when alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?
push air out – breathing out
what happens when atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure?
air moving in
how does surfactant prevent the collapse of alveoli?
surfactant decreases surface tension which increases lung compliance – binds water and prevents the water molecules from sticking to each other and closing the alveoli
how are CO2 and O2 carried in the blood?
CO2 - bicarbonate
O2 - binds to iron on heme of hemoglobin
what effect does an alkaline environment have on CO2, pH, and breathing?
decreased CO2, increased pH, decreased breathing
what effect does an acidic environment have on CO2, pH, and breathing?
increased CO2, decreased pH, increased breathing
